Stereoelectroencephalography Electrode Implantation for Inpatient Workup of Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Background And Objectives: Treatment-resistant depression is a leading cause of disability. Our center's trial for neurosurgical intervention for treatment-resistant depression involves a staged workup for implantation of a personalized, closed-loop neuromodulation device for refractory depression. The first stage ("stage 1") of workup involves implantation of 10 stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes bilaterally into 5 anatomically defined brain regions and involves a specialized preoperative imaging and planning workup and a frame-based operating protocol.

Intracranial electrical stimulation of corticolimbic sites modulates arousal in humans.

Background: Humans routinely shift their sleepiness and wakefulness levels in response to emotional factors. The diversity of emotional factors that modulates sleep-wake levels suggests that the ascending arousal network may be intimately linked with networks that mediate mood. Indeed, while animal studies have identified select limbic structures that play a role in sleep-wake regulation, the breadth of corticolimbic structures that directly modulates arousal in humans remains unknown.

Dissociation of Broca's area from Broca's aphasia in patients undergoing neurosurgical resections.

Objective: Broca's aphasia is a syndrome of impaired fluency with retained comprehension. The authors used an unbiased algorithm to examine which neuroanatomical areas are most likely to result in Broca's aphasia following surgical lesions.

Methods: Patients were prospectively evaluated with standardized language batteries before and after surgery.

Effects of anterior thalamic nuclei stimulation on hippocampal activity: Chronic recording in a patient with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Implanted neurostimulation devices are gaining traction as palliative treatment options for certain forms of drug-resistant epilepsy, but clinical utility of these devices is hindered by incomplete mechanistic understanding of their therapeutic effects. Approved devices for anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (ANT DBS) are thought to work at a network level, but limited sensing capability precludes characterization of neurophysiological effects outside the thalamus. Here, we describe a patient with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy who was implanted with a responsive neurostimulation device (RNS System), involving hippocampal and ipsilateral temporal neocortical leads, and subsequently received ANT DBS.