A Dual Catalytic Approach for the Halogen-Bonding-Mediated Reductive Cleavage of α-Bromodifluoroesters and Amides.

While charge-transfer complexes involving halogen-bonding interactions have emerged as an alternative strategy for the photogeneration of carbon radicals, examples using (fluoro)alkyl bromides are limited. This report describes a dual catalytic approach for radical generation from α-bromodifluoroesters and amides under visible-light irradiation. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through bromide displacement using a catalytic iodide salt, generating a C-I bond that can be engaged by our halogen-bonding photocatalysis platform.

A dormant overmassive black hole in the early Universe.

Recent observations have found a large number of supermassive black holes already in place in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang, many of which seem to be overmassive relative to their host galaxy stellar mass when compared with local relation. Several different models have been proposed to explain these findings, ranging from heavy seeds to light seeds experiencing bursts of high accretion rate. Yet, current datasets are unable to differentiate between these various scenarios.

The evolution of a quality improvement curriculum in a family nurse practitioner residency program.

There is a wide variation in the curricular emphasis and implementation nationally across programs for teaching quality improvement (QI) in family nurse practitioner (FNP) programs. This variation among curriculum plans often leaves NP graduates unsure as to how to identify and effect change within their organizations. This manuscript describes the development of an initial QI curriculum and subsequent enhancements over a 3-year time frame and outlines the curriculum development process, implementation, and program outcomes within an FNP residency program.

Precision-cut lung slices in air-liquid interface (PCLS-ALI): A novel model for the study of Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Pulmonary Aspergillosis is a respiratory infection with a high mortality rate, which affects patients with immunosuppression or structural lung defects. Antifungal treatment options are few and many have narrow therapeutic margins and potentially serious side effects. In recent years, there are growing numbers of reports of antifungal resistance.

Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan negatively interferes with macrophage responses to .

Introduction: Over 1 million people have chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Additionally, () has been reported as one of the most common pathogens associated with mycobacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis. Mycobacterial virulence factors, like lipoarabinomannan, have been shown to interfere with host's intracellular pathways required for an effective immune response, however, the immunological basis for mycobacterial-fungal coinfection is still unknown.