Quantifying individual-level heterogeneity in infectiousness and susceptibility through household studies.

The spread of SARS-CoV-2, like that of many other pathogens, is governed by heterogeneity. "Superspreading," or "over-dispersion," is an important factor in transmission, yet it is hard to quantify. Estimates from contact tracing data are prone to potential biases due to the increased likelihood of detecting large clusters of cases, and may reflect variation in contact behavior more than biological heterogeneity.

Predicting climate-change induced heat-related illness risk in Grand Canyon National Park visitors.

Background: The climate crisis is the greatest public health threat of the 21st century. Excessive heat is responsible for more deaths than any other extreme weather event, and the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat events are increasing globally due to climate change. Exposure to excessive heat can result in heat related illnesses (HRIs) and long-term poor health outcomes.

The adjunct use of descending neurogenic-evoked potentials when transcranial motor-evoked potentials degrade into warning criteria in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: minimizing false-positive events.

Purpose: This studies objective was to evaluate the utility of descending neurogenic-evoked potentials (DNEPs) in the setting of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (TCeMEPs) degradation into warning criteria during pediatric spinal deformity surgery.

Methods: An institutional spinal cord monitoring database was queried to identify all primary and revision pediatric spinal deformity cases, < / = 21 years of age performed from 1/2006 to 12/2021, in which TCeMEPs were the primary motor tract assessment modality which degraded into warning criteria, with subsequent initiation of adjunct DNEPs.

Results: Fourteen surgical cases (0.

Modeling the impact of xenointoxication in dogs to halt Trypanosoma cruzi transmission.

Background: Chagas disease, a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions in the Americas. Dogs are important reservoirs of the parasite. Under laboratory conditions, canine treatment with the systemic insecticide fluralaner demonstrated efficacy in killing Triatoma infestans and T.

Modeling the impact of xenointoxication in dogs to halt transmission.

Background: Chagas disease, a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by , affects millions in the Americas. Dogs are important reservoirs of the parasite. Under laboratory conditions, canine treatment with the systemic insecticide fluralaner demonstrated efficacy in killing and vectors, when they feed on dogs.