Consensus statement on the treatment of proximal humerus fractures: a Delphi approach by the Neer Circle of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.

Background: The treatment of patients who suffer a proximal humeral fracture (PHF) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to find consensus among experts using a validated iterative process in the treatment of patients after a PHF.

Methods: The Neer Circle is an organization of shoulder experts recognized for their service to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.

Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in the 7th decade of life demonstrates superior long-term maintenance than in older patients.

Background: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) is often delayed due to concerns about a more rapid loss of postoperative improvements in younger, more active patients. This retrospective study investigated the effects of patient age on activity-specific functional outcomes at a minimum of 10 years following aTSA.

Methods: A retrospective review of a shoulder arthroplasty database was performed.

Clonal expansion of cancer driver gene mutants investigated using advanced sequencing technologies.

Advanced sequencing technologies (ASTs) have revolutionized the quantitation of cancer driver mutations (CDMs) as rare events, which has utility in clinical oncology, cancer research, and cancer risk assessment. This review focuses on studies that have used ASTs to characterize clonal expansion (CE) of cells carrying CDMs and to explicate the selective pressures that shape CE. Importantly, high-sensitivity ASTs have made possible the characterization of mutant clones and CE in histologically normal tissue samples, providing the means to investigate nascent tumor development.