Intermittent and increasing intravenous lipopolysaccharide's impact on metabolism, inflammation and production in lactating dairy cows.

Experimental objectives were to create a chronic inflammatory model to evaluate the effects of persistent immune activation on metabolism, inflammation, and productivity in lactating dairy cows. Twelve lactating Holstein cows (631 ± 16 kg BW; 124 ± 15 DIM) were enrolled in a study with 2 experimental periods (P); during P1 (5 d), cows were fed ad libitum and baseline data were obtained. At the initiation of P2 (7 d), cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) saline-infused and pair-fed (PF; 5 mL intravenously (IV) sterile saline on d 1, 3, and 5; n = 6) or 2) lipopolysaccharide infused and ad libitum-fed (LPS; 0.

ALIGNMENT OF PREP USE WITH POTENTIAL HIV EXPOSURE IN YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN IN UGANDA.

Background: Despite high oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among young heterosexual cisgender women, early discontinuation is frequent. It is unclear whether this aligns with potential HIV exposure.

Methods: Young women 16-25 years and ≥1 of their male partners were enrolled in separate but linked longitudinal HIV PrEP studies in Kampala, Uganda from 2018-2021.

Comparing oral versus intravenous Ca administration on alleviating markers of production, metabolism, and inflammation during an intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows.

Animals, including dairy cows develop hypocalcemia during infection. Prior independent research suggests supplementing oral Ca, but not i.v.

Therapeutic effects of mitoquinol during an acute heat stress challenge in growing gilts.

Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of mitoquinol (MitoQ) on production parameters, gastrointestinal tract (GIT; stomach and small and large intestines) weight, and circulating leukocytes during a 24-h acute heat stress (HS) challenge. Crossbred gilts [n = 32; 49.1 ± 2.

Cbl and Cbl-b ubiquitin ligases are essential for intestinal epithelial stem cell maintenance.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control stem cell maintenance vs. differentiation decisions. Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) family ubiquitin ligases are negative regulators of RTKs, but their stem cell regulatory roles remain unclear.