Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer.

Background: The incidence of anal cancer is substantially higher among persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in the general population. Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer is preceded by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Treatment for cervical HSIL reduces progression to cervical cancer; however, data from prospective studies of treatment for anal HSIL to prevent anal cancer are lacking.

Metastatic Neoplasms to the Vulva-A Review.

Introduction: Metastatic neoplasms to the vulva are rare and can pose a diagnostic dilemma. As identification of the primary site can influence patient treatment and prognosis, correct diagnosis is important.

Methods: PubMed was searched for applicable publications using the terms vulva, vulvar neoplasms, metastasis, and vulvar metastasis.

Pitfalls of Frozen Section in Gynecological Pathology: A Case of Endometrial Tumor With Sex Cord-Like Elements.

Endometrial stromal tumor with sex cord-like elements (ESTSCLE) is a rare entity that shares similar histological features with uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCT). Differentiating the 2 entities involves ample sampling of the tissue to distinguish the percentage of sex cord components within the tissue, genetic studies, and immunohistochemical staining. Frozen section provides limited information for exclusion of either tumor; and the tumor is rare enough that the diagnosis may not be considered with the limited sampling; therefore, deferral of diagnosis to permanent sections may be appropriate.