Development of reading proficiency in English by bilingual children and their monolingual peers.

The semantic, syntactic, and graphophonic cueing techniques employed by 55 bilingual children and 39 monolingual peers when reading aloud in English were identified through miscue analysis. In contrast to earlier research in 1999 by Cline and Cozens no significant differences were found between the two groups on any of the techniques. Both bilingual and monolingual readers consistently used more graphophonic cues than syntactic or semantic cues but not significantly so.

From neuronal inclusions to neurodegeneration: neuropathological investigation of a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine repeat sequence within a novel protein. Recent work has shown that abnormal intranuclear inclusions of aggregated mutant protein within neurons is a characteristic feature shared by HD and several other diseases involving glutamine repeat expansion. This suggests that in each of the these disorders the affected nerve cells degenerate as a result of these abnormal inclusions.

Formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions underlies the neurological dysfunction in mice transgenic for the HD mutation.

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of an increasing number of human neurodegenerative disorders caused by a CAG/polyglutamine-repeat expansion. The mutation occurs in a gene of unknown function that is expressed in a wide range of tissues. The molecular mechanism responsible for the delayed onset, selective pattern of neuropathology, and cell death observed in HD has not been described.

Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice.

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of an increasing number of neurodegenerative disorders caused by a CAG/polyglutamine repeat expansion. Mice have been generated that are transgenic for the 5' end of the human HD gene carrying (CAG)115-(CAG)150 repeat expansions. In three lines, the transgene is ubiquitously expressed at both mRNA and protein level.

Size and shape of rabbit skeletal muscle calsequestrin.

Calsequestrin, a calcium-binding protein isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, was subjected to physiochemical analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, sedimentation, viscosity, and circular dichroism techniques. The effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate, alkaline pH, guanidine hydrochloride, and calcium ions on the hydrodynamic properties of the protein were studied. Calsequestrin, in the absence of calcium, had a random coil conformation with an alpha-helical content of 11%.