Management of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy: recommendations of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease.

Objective: To develop a best practice document for the management of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

Method: Literature review carried out using clinical terms, treatments or interventions and comorbidity related to VVA.

Results: There is a wide variety of interventions that may produce temporal benefits for VVA.

Clinical manifestations and evaluation of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy.

Introduction: It is estimated that 50% of women will suffer a severe form of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) related to menopause. Equally, young women may temporarily present this clinical problem while receiving various pharmacological or endocrine treatments or radiotherapy.

Aim: To determine clinical and diagnostic exams required to confirm the presence of VVA (also referred to as atrophic vaginitis, urogenital atrophy, or genitourinary syndrome of menopause) and rule out other genital or pelvic clinical conditions.

International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Recommendations Regarding Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery.

Female genital cosmetic surgeries (FGCSs) and procedures are increasingly being advertised as common, simple, and complication-free, capable of not only improving aesthetic appearance but also increasing self-esteem and sexual pleasure.Guidelines for physicians and clear, scientifically correct information for patients must be made available, to minimize the number of ineffective or deleterious procedures.The International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease positions/recommendations regarding FGCS are as follows:1.

History of Abuse in Women With Vulvar Pruritus, Vulvodynia, and Asymptomatic Controls.

Objective: Chronic vulvar pruritus and vulvodynia are common vulvar diseases. The aim of this study was to compare gynecologic and sexual and physical abuse histories from patients with these diagnoses and from healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: Questionnaires were self-completed by patients diagnosed with vulvar itch-scratch (n = 93), patients diagnosed with vulvodynia (n = 232), and patients presenting for annual gynecologic examinations (n = 104) at the University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, MI.

The Normal Vulva, Vulvar Examination, and Evaluation Tools.

The appearance of the female external genitalia is key for understanding and diagnosing many diseases that women of all ages encounter. Alas, the normal appearance of the vulva is an elusive concept, scarcely represented in textbooks, and the growing number of vulvar cosmetic surgery calls for a review of the normal appearance of the vulva and its diversity. In this paper I will review vulvar embryology, anatomy, the current literature discussing vulvar appearance, and describe meticulous vulvar examination, including the diagnostic tools.