Adverse events among people on delamanid for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting.

Patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in the township of Khayelitsha, South Africa, were offered delamanid (DLM) within a decentralised RR-TB treatment programme. To describe adverse events (AEs) among HIV-positive and negative people receiving DLM for RR-TB in a programmatic setting. Patients were followed up monthly for blood, electrocardiography and clinical monitoring and AEs were assessed for severity grade, seriousness and relationship to DLM.

Missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis despite access to Xpert MTB/RIF.

Objective: To assess the proportion of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients with potential earlier RR-TB diagnoses in Khayelitsha, South Africa.

Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis among RR-TB patients diagnosed from 2012 to 2014. Patients were considered to have missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis if 1) they were incorrectly screened according to the Western Cape diagnostic algorithm; 2) the first specimen was not tested using Xpert® MTB/RIF; 3) no specimen was ever tested; or 4) the initial Xpert test showed a negative result, but no subsequent specimen was sent for follow-up testing in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.