Publications by authors named "B Castelnuovo"
Clinical predictors of 3-month isoniazid rifapentine (3HP)-related adverse drug reactions (ADR) during tuberculosis preventive therapy (PAnDoRA-3HP study): an observational study protocol.
Christine Sekaggya-Wiltshire Irene Mbabazi Ruth Mirembe Nabisere Lucy Alinaitwe Brian Otaalo Barbara Castelnuovo
BMJ Open
December 2024
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death globally. Despite WHO recommendations for TB preventive therapy (TPT), challenges persist, including incompletion of treatment and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). There is limited data on the 3-month isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics and their relation with ADRs.
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- Older people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly women, face a high prevalence of geriatric syndromes, with a study in Kampala, Uganda, finding that 94.4% of participants aged 60 and older had at least one syndrome.
- Women demonstrated significantly higher rates of frailty, cognitive impairment, and falls compared to men, revealing important sex differences in health outcomes.
- Factors such as older age, low education, being underweight, advanced HIV stages, and having multiple non-communicable diseases were associated with a greater number of geriatric syndromes, highlighting the need for targeted healthcare strategies for this population.
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often complicated by disorders in multiple body systems, associated with higher mortality and morbidity. Young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) have an increased risk of multisystem chronic comorbidities. However, there are few data describing comorbidities associated with CKD among YPLHIV.
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- * The cross-sectional study involved 500 participants aged 10-24, with assessments of kidney function through urine and blood samples, showing that CKD prevalence ranged from 0 to 23%, depending on the assessment methods used.
- * Key findings indicated that factors like age and male sex were significantly associated with CKD, highlighting the need for improved early diagnosis and monitoring strategies for YPLHIV.
Article Synopsis
- P. falciparum is a major health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to 99% of malaria infections, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe based on various factors like host immunity and genetic diversity.
- A study conducted on 225 malaria patients in Uganda utilized seven microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) in P. falciparum infections among asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.
- Results showed high genetic diversity in both groups, with no significant difference in MOI, indicating a prevalence of polyclonal infections, and notable linkage disequilibrium between different infection types, while genetic differentiation among parasite populations was low.