Adrenal oncocytoma: a rare presentation of a benign 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET avid virilising adrenal tumour.

A woman in her 70s presented with features of hyperandrogenism including clitoral enlargement and deepening of her voice. Biochemical investigations revealed raised plasma androgens and urinary androgen metabolites and imaging findings showed a highly F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET avid left adrenal tumour initially suspected to be a malignant adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). She subsequently underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic adrenalectomy where complete resection of her tumour was achieved.

The effects of P2Y12 loss on microglial gene expression, dynamics, and injury response in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

Despite the emerging consensus that microglia are critical to physiological and pathological brain function, it is unclear how microglial roles and their underlying mechanisms differ between brain regions. Microglia throughout the brain express common markers, such as the purinergic receptor P2Y12, that delineate them from peripheral macrophages. P2Y12 is a critical sensor of injury but also contributes to the sensing of neuronal activity and remodeling of synapses, with microglial loss of P2Y12 resulting in behavioral deficits.

Maternal α-casein deficiency extends the lifespan of offspring and programmes their body composition.

Early nutrition has significant effects on physiological outcomes during adult life. We have analysed the effect of maternal α-casein (CSN1S1) deficiency on the physiological fate of dams and their offspring. α-casein deficiency reduces maternal milk protein concentration by more than 50% and attenuates the growth of pups to 27% (p < 0.