The importance of urban natural areas and urban ecosystem services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Urban, peri-urban forests and other natural areas provide a wide range of material and non-material benefits to people known as ecosystem services. Access to these areas has been linked to benefits for physical and mental health of local populations. In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic forced many governments to impose a set of restrictions including the closure of businesses, cancelation of public events and schooling, social distancing, limitations on the size of social gatherings, and travel restrictions.

Growth factor-independent proliferation of rat mammary carcinoma cells by autocrine secretion of neu-differentiation factor/heregulin and transforming growth factor-alpha.

Serially transplantable rat mammary tumor (RMT) cells are not dependent on exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I for continuous growth in serum-free medium. Previously, we found that conditioned medium obtained from these cells contained EGF-like mitogenic activity and stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of a 185-kDa protein in EGF-dependent mammary epithelial cells. This protein is distinct from the EGF receptor and resembles a 185-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein present in RMT cells themselves.

Construction of a chimeric antibody with therapeutic potential for cancers which overexpress c-erbB-2.

We describe the chimerization of a monoclonal antibody directed against the c-erbB-2 protein using a novel PCR method for cloning immunoglobulin variable region genes. We also describe the characterization of the chimera and show its potential use for treating cancers which overexpress the c-erbB-2 protein. The genomic DNA fragments of heavy and light chain variable genes were cloned by PCR using uniquely designed primers which allowed for isolation of genes containing functional promoters, signal and coding sequences.

Transforming growth-factor-alpha and factor-beta(1) levels in plasma and effusions from patients with cancer or hematologic malignancies.

Transforming growth factors-alpha and -beta1 are thought to play a role in carcinogenesis. Using a sandwich linked immunosorbent assay, we have measured TGF-alpha and -beta1 levels in malignant human plasma and effusions. TGF-alpha and -beta1 plasma levels were not significantly different among normal volunteers, patients with solid tumors, and patients with hematologic malignancies (TGF-alpha, p=0.

Elevated soluble c-erbB-2 antigen levels in the serum and effusions of a proportion of breast cancer patients.

Purpose: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 oncogene product was developed and evaluated to determine if soluble c-erbB-2 could be detected in the serum and effusions of cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: Sera from 208 previously untreated or progressing cancer patients and 69 healthy controls were assayed in a double-antibody sandwich ELISA that used two monoclonal antibodies to the native extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 receptor. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the frequency of elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels.