Sustained polyphasic sleep restriction abolishes human growth hormone release.

Study Objectives: Voluntary sleep restriction is a common phenomenon in industrialized societies aiming to increase time spent awake and thus productivity. We explored how restricting sleep to a radically polyphasic schedule affects neural, cognitive, and endocrine characteristics.

Methods: Ten young healthy participants were restricted to one 20-minute nap opportunity at the end of every 4 hours (i.

Mismatch negativity impairment is associated with deficits in identifying real-world environmental sounds in schizophrenia.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have impairments in processing auditory information that have been linked to deficits in cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Dysfunction in auditory sensory processing in SZ has been indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential evoked by a rare, deviant stimulus embedded within a sequence of identical standard stimuli. Although MMN deficits in SZ have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about how these deficits relate to accurately identifying real-world, ecologically-salient sounds.

Association of ABCB1 gene variants, plasma antidepressant concentration, and treatment response: Results from a randomized clinical study.

P-glycoprotein, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, functions as an ATP-driven efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier, extruding its substrates and thereby limiting their passage into the brain. ABCB1 polymorphisms predicted antidepressant drug response: Minor allele carriers of SNPs rs2032583 and rs2235015 had higher remission rates than major allele homozygotes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate an ABCB1 genotype-dependent efficacy of a quick dose escalation strategy.

ABCB1 gene variants and antidepressant treatment outcome: A meta-analysis.

The efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a gene product of the ABCB1 gene, plays a pivotal role in the transfer of various molecules across the blood-brain barrier. P-gp protects the brain by selectively extruding its substrates, including certain antidepressive drugs, thereby limiting their uptake into the brain. Uhr et al.

Are there meaningful biomarkers of treatment response for depression?

During the past decades, the prevalence of affective disorders has been on the rise globally, with only one out of three patients achieving remission in acute treatment with antidepressants. The identification of physiological markers that predict treatment course proves useful in increasing therapeutic success. On the basis of well-documented, recent findings in depression research, we highlight and discuss the most promising biomarkers for antidepressant therapy response.