Sex difference alters the behavioral and cognitive performance in a rat model of schizophrenia induced by sub-chronic ketamine.

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. In rats, sub-chronic administration of ketamine is used for the induction of schizophrenia model. Increased locomotor activity is one of the most important features of psychotic-like symptoms in rodents.

The effect of motivational strategy on voluntary plasma donation, a field trial.

Background: Plasma protein therapies (PPTs) are a group of medicines extracted from human plasma through fractionation. The manufacture of adequate amounts of PPTs requires a large volume of human plasma. WHO emphasized that whole blood and blood component donations should be voluntary and non-remunerated.

Erdheim-Chester Disease: Two cases from an ophthalmic perspective.

Purpose: We report two patients who presented initially to ophthalmology clinics with symptoms and signs of orbital inflammation that led to a diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD).

Observations: ECD is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) which is characterised by multi-system organ involvement and poor prognosis with standard therapies. Both patients were positive for the V600E mutation on genetic testing and were treated with the inhibitors Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib respectively.

Confirming Vertical Fetal Infection With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Neonatal and Pathology Criteria for Early Onset and Transplacental Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Infected Pregnant Mothers.

Increasing numbers of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 are being reported around the world. The majority of neonates delivered to pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been negative for the virus, but a small number have tested positive for infection. It is important to determine whether vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 occurs and the mechanisms for its development.

Spectrum of neonatal COVID-19 in Iran: 19 infants with SARS-CoV-2 perinatal infections with varying test results, clinical findings and outcomes.

Background: There have been few cohorts of neonates with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) reported. As a result, there remains much to be learned about mechanisms of neonatal infection including potential vertical transmission, best methods of testing, and the spectrum of clinical findings. This communication describes the epidemiology, diagnostic test results and clinical findings of neonatal COVID-19 during the pandemic in Iran.