Genomic factors shaping codon usage across the Saccharomycotina subphylum.

Codon usage bias, or the unequal use of synonymous codons, is observed across genes, genomes, and between species. It has been implicated in many cellular functions, such as translation dynamics and transcript stability, but can also be shaped by neutral forces. We characterized codon usage across 1,154 strains from 1,051 species from the fungal subphylum Saccharomycotina to gain insight into the biases, molecular mechanisms, evolution, and genomic features contributing to codon usage patterns.

Genomic factors shaping codon usage across the Saccharomycotina subphylum.

Codon usage bias, or the unequal use of synonymous codons, is observed across genes, genomes, and between species. The biased use of synonymous codons has been implicated in many cellular functions, such as translation dynamics and transcript stability, but can also be shaped by neutral forces. The Saccharomycotina, the fungal subphylum containing the yeasts and , has been a model system for studying codon usage.

Electrophysiologic Mapping for Target Acquisition in Deep Brain Stimulation May Become Unnecessary in the Era of Intraoperative Imaging.

Objective: Electrophysiologic mapping (EM) has been instrumental in advancing neuroscience and ensuring accurate lead placement for deep brain stimulation. However, EM is associated with increased operative time, expense, and potential risk. Intraoperative imaging to verify lead placement provides an opportunity to reassess the clinical role of EM.

Doing More with Less: A Minimally Invasive, Cost-Conscious Approach to Stereoelectroencephalography.

Background: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is a commonly used technique for mapping the epileptogenic zone before epilepsy surgery. Many SEEG depth electrode implantation techniques involve the use of extensive technological equipment and shaving of the patient's entire head before electrode implantation. Our goal was to evaluate an SEEG depth electrode implantation technique that used readily available cost-effective neurosurgical equipment, was minimally invasive in nature, and required negligible hair shaving.