Percutaneous absorption studies after forty years.

The authors review the development of ways to study percuatneous absorption of chemicals and summarize the current status of investigations in this area.

A mathematical model for the estimation of nickel internal dose in populations under occupational and environmental exposure.

Using the results of own investigations as well as available literature data an attempt was made to develop a mathematical model for the estimation of nickel internal dose on the basis of nickel concentration in urine.

Identification and evaluation of nickel intake sources.

The level of nickel in a full-day diet, drinking water and complementary liquids was measured in groups of persons occupationally and environmentally exposed to this element. Both adults and children (in preschool and school age) living in industrial and recreation areas were considered. Concentrations of nickel in the occupational and ambient air were also taken into account.

[Basic indicators of physical development of schoolchildren living in the area of an industrial plant processing non-ferrous metals].

The purpose of the study was an analysis of the basic indices of somatic development of school children in the Olkusz area with mines of zinc, lead and cadmium, and metallurgic plants processing the ores of these metals. The studied group comprised 747 children aged 5 to 14 years attending randomly selected schools in Olkusz, Bukowna and Bolesław. The height and body mass were measured on medical scales with height scale.

Occupational and environmental exposure to nickel in Poland.

Exposure to nickel was evaluated on the base of nickel in urine concentration (Ni-U) in 649 persons both adults and pre-school and school children; 241 persons were occupationally exposed in steel-mill and rolling-mill. Environmentally exposed groups consisted of inhabitants of industrial and rural towns. The occupationally exposed groups showed Ni-U mean concentrations amounted to 25.