Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Leveraging Quality Improvement Tools to Improve Administration of First-line Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Labeled as Penicillin Allergic.

Introduction: A reported penicillin allergy reduces the likelihood that the patient will receive first-line surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP), which can increase the risk of developing a surgical site infection (SSI). This project aimed to increase the use of first-line SAP agents in orthopedic and pediatric surgery patients with a reported penicillin allergy.

Methods: The Institute for Healthcare Improvement quality improvement methodology was followed.

Trochlear Morphological Changes in Skeletally Immature Patients Across Consecutive MRI Studies.

Background: Trochlear dysplasia is a consistent risk factor for recurrent patellofemoral instability (PFI), but there is limited understanding of how the trochlea develops during growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed in skeletally immature patients with and without PFI to characterize changes in trochlear anatomy over time.

Hypothesis: PFI leads to progressive worsening of trochlear dysplasia over time.