A new visual design language for biological structures in a cell.

As part of a project to build a spatiotemporal model of the pancreatic β-cell, we are creating an immersive experience called "World in a Cell" that can be used to integrate and create new educational tools. To do this, we have developed a new visual design language that uses tetrahedral building blocks to express the structural features of biological molecules and organelles in crowded cellular environments. The tetrahedral language enables more efficient animation and user interaction in an immersive environment.

Functional Variants Surrounding Endothelin 2 Are Associated With Subspecies Infection.

Bovine paratuberculosis, caused by subspecies (), continues to impact the dairy industry through increased morbidity, mortality, and lost production. Although genome-wide association analyses (GWAAs) have identified loci associated with susceptibility to , limited progress has been made in identifying mutations that cause disease susceptibility. A 235-kb region on chromosome 3 (BTA3), containing a 70-kb haplotype block surrounding endothelin 2 (), has previously been associated with the risk of infection.

A novel understanding of global DNA methylation in bobcat ().

Epigenetic mechanisms may provide a novel prospective of bobcat () adaptation to habitat loss/fragmentation. Previous research has focused on bobcat behavior and genetics, but epigenetics has not been studied in bobcat. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of global DNA methylation in the liver of 30 bobcats.

Global DNA Methylation in the Limbic System of Cattle.

To elucidate the extent to which DNA methylation varies across multiple tissues in the brain and between animals, we have quantified global DNA methylation in tissues comprising the limbic system for six Red Angus x Simmental steers. Global DNA methylation was measured in nine regions of the bovine brain: amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cingulate gyrus, dorsal raphe, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray and prefrontal cortex. DNA methylation varies among animals for each tissue type and varies among tissue types for each animal.