Heterogeneity in Risk and Implications for Hepatitis C Reinfection in People Who Inject Drugs in England.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and health economic burden. Over 90% of HCV cases in England occur in people who inject drugs (PWID). Current treatments for HCV are effective but do not protect against reinfection.

Plasticity of Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons by Innate Immune Activation Is Influenced by Electrophysiological Activity.

The complex relationship between inflammation, its effects on neuronal excitability and the ensuing plasticity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons remains to be fully explored. In this study, we have employed a system of experiments assessing the impact of inflammatory conditioned media derived from activated immune cells on the excitability and activity of DRG neurons and how this relates to subsequent growth responses of these cells. We show here that an early phase of increased neuronal activity in response to inflammatory conditioned media is critical for the engagement of plastic processes and that neuronal excitability profiles are linked through time to the structural phenotype of individual neurons.

SLAM/SAP signaling regulates discrete γδ T cell developmental checkpoints and shapes the innate-like γδ TCR repertoire.

During thymic development, most γδ T cells acquire innate-like characteristics that are critical for their function in tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and tissue repair. The mechanisms, however, that regulate γδ T cell developmental programming remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that the SLAM/SAP signaling pathway regulates the development and function of multiple innate-like γδ T cell subsets.

Preschoolers use probabilistic evidence to flexibly change or maintain expectations on an active search task.

This study investigated 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 64, 37 girls, 62.5% White, data collected between 2021-2022) ability to use probabilistic information gleaned through active search to appropriately change or maintain expectations. In an online fishing game, children first learned that one of two ponds was good for catching fish.

The Impact of COVID-19 Fear on Mental Health of Community Behavioral Health Providers.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities worldwide. Behavioral health providers are at the forefront providing services and are thus vulnerable to psychological sequalae. This study hypothesizes that the fear of COVID-19 predicts depression and anxiety among these providers.