Magma transport in sheet intrusions of the Alnö carbonatite complex, central Sweden.

Magma transport through the Earth's crust occurs dominantly via sheet intrusions, such as dykes and cone-sheets, and is fundamental to crustal evolution, volcanic eruptions and geochemical element cycling. However, reliable methods to reconstruct flow direction in solidified sheet intrusions have proved elusive. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) in magmatic sheets is often interpreted as primary magma flow, but magnetic fabrics can be modified by post-emplacement processes, making interpretation of AMS data ambiguous.

Melt migration in basalt columns driven by crystallization-induced pressure gradients.

The structure of columnar-jointed lava flows and intrusions has fascinated people for centuries and numerous hypotheses on the mechanisms of formation of columnar jointing have been proposed. In cross-section, weakly developed semicircular internal structures are a near ubiquitous feature of basalt columns. Here we propose a melt-migration model, driven by crystallization and a coeval specific volume decrease inside cooling and solidifying columns, which can explain the observed macroscopic features in columnar-jointed basalts.

Is age at implant the only factor that counts? The influence of working memory on lexical and grammatical development in children with cochlear implants.

In this study, we explored the influence of time factors (age at implant, time with cochlear implant and age), complex working memory and phonological short-term memory on lexical and grammatical development in congenitally deaf children with cochlear implants. Fifteen children (aged 5 years 4 months to 11 years 5 months) were examined with the use of several linguistic and cognitive measures after a minimum of 18 months of implant use. Phonological short-term memory was assessed with non-word repetition, where the percentage of correctly repeated consonants and vowels was counted.

Measurement of the electrically evoked compound action potential via a neural response telemetry system.

The main aim of this study was to validate a new technique, neural response telemetry (NRT), for measuring the electrically evoked compound action potential in adult cochlear implant users via their Nucleus C124M implant. Thirty-eight adults were evaluated with a variety of measurement procedures with the NRT software. Electrically evoked compound action potentials were obtained in 31 of the 38 adults (81.

Objective intraoperative method to record averaged electromyographic stapedius muscle reflexes in cochlear implant patients.

We have developed a procedure to measure the averaged stapedius muscle reflex in response to electrical stimulation (AESR) with a cochlear implant. The AESR, as activated by ipsilateral stimulation with a cochlear implant, was investigated intra-operatively in a series of 12 children. After the cochlear implant was placed into the cochlea and secured by the surgeon, an electromyographic (EMG) needle electrode was gently placed into the stapedius muscle.