An evaluation of the implementation of the Cramer classification scheme in the Toxtree software.

Risk assessment for most human health effects is based on the threshold of a toxicological effect, usually derived from animal experiments. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) is a concept that refers to the establishment of a level of exposure for all chemicals below which there would be no appreciable risk to human health. When carefully applied, the TTC concept can provide a means of waiving testing based on knowledge of exposure limits.

Enzymatic activity and inhibition of the neurotoxic complex vipoxin from the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis.

Vipoxin from the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis is an unique neurotoxic complex between a toxic phospholipase A2 and a highly homologous non-toxic protein inhibitor. It is an example of evolution of a catalytic and toxic function into inhibitory and non-toxic one. The activity of the V.

Structure-function relationships in the neurotoxin Vipoxin from the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis.

The neurotoxic complex Vipoxin is the lethal component of the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis, the most toxic snake in Europe. It is a complex between a toxic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a non-toxic and catalytically inactive protein, stabilizing the enzyme and reducing the activity and toxicity. Structure-function relationships in this complex were studied by spectroscopic methods.

Aminoderivatives of cycloalkanespirohydantoins: synthesis and biological activity.

3-Aminocycloalkanespiro-5-hydantoins were synthesized and their biological activity was studied. In contrast to hydantoins, these compounds failed to induce either anticonvulsive effects in the central nervous system or inhibitory effects on cholinergic contractions in the enteric nervous system. However, they exerted well pronounced, atropinsensitive, contractile effects on the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle preparations.

Structure of the neurotoxic complex vipoxin at 1.4 A resolution.

Vipoxin is a neurotoxic postsynaptic heterodimeric complex from the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis, the most toxic snake in Europe. It consists of a basic and highly toxic phospholipase A(2) and an acidic non-toxic protein inhibitor. The two polypeptide chains have the same chain length and share 62% amino-acid identity.