Exploring Current Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration toward the Perspective of Long-Term Agents.

Long-lasting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have become an option to reduce treatment frequency, with ongoing research exploring optimal responses and safety profiles. This review delves into molecular targets, pharmacological aspects, and strategies for achieving effective and enduring disease control in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The molecular pathways involved in macular neovascularization, including angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, are explored.

Early identification of keratoconus using pachymetric indexes obtained with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of pachymetric indexes obtained with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) for early detection of keratoconus (Kc).

Methods: 64 patients with Kc in at least one eye (95 eyes, 46 men and 18 women, average age 27.84 ±13.

Bilateral diffuse choroidal hemangioma in Sturge Weber syndrome: A case report highlighting the role of multimodal imaging and a brief review of the literature.

Purpose: To present a patient with bilateral choroidal hemangioma in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and highlight multimodal imaging techniques for early detection and management of ocular alterations.

Methods: A 37-year-old woman with diagnosis of SWS presented to our unit. The patient had been treated with pulsed dye laser for bilateral nevus flammeus and had right leptomeningeal angiomatosis.

A review of the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in glaucoma associated with rare diseases of the anterior segment.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique, which allows high-resolution evaluation of the anatomical features of the anterior segment of the eye regardless of optical media transparency. This technique provides diagnostically significant information in vivo for the cornea, anterior chamber, chamber angle, iris, posterior chamber, zonules, ciliary body, and lens, and is of great value in assessment of the mechanisms of glaucoma onset. The purpose of this paper is to review the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of rare diseases of the anterior segment such as mesodermal dysgenesis of the neural crest, iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, phakomatoses, and metabolic disorders.