Variation in ovine serum vitamin D concentrations from late summer to early spring and during immune challenge with bacterial endotoxin.

Vitamin D is most known for its role in the development and maintenance of the skeletal system. However, recent studies have found that vitamin D modulates the immune system, and at sufficient levels supports optimal immune function. Previous research has examined how vitamin D levels change seasonally and during immune stress challenges in both humans and cattle, but not sheep.

Investigating the IgM and IgG B Cell Receptor Repertoires and Expression of Ultralong Complementarity Determining Region 3 in Colostrum and Blood from Holstein-Friesian Cows at Calving.

In cattle, colostral maternal immunoglobulins and lymphocytes transfer across the neonate's intestinal epithelium to provide protection against pathogens. This study aimed to compare repertoires of B cell populations in blood and colostrum in cows for the first time, with an emphasis on ultralong complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3, ≥40 amino acids). Blood mononuclear cells (BMCs, = 7) and colostral cells ( = 7) were isolated from Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Selenium: A Journey from the Environment to the Human Immune System.

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient that has gained attention for its impact on the human immune system. The purpose of this review is to explore Se's immunomodulatory properties and to make up-to-date information available so novel therapeutic applications may emerge. People acquire Se through dietary ingestion, supplementation, or nanoparticle applications.

Estimates of Sequences with Ultralong and Short CDR3s in the Bovine IgM B Cell Receptor Repertoire Using the Long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION Platform.

Cattle produce Abs with an H chain ultralong CDR3 (40-70 aa). These Abs have been shown to have features such as broad neutralization of viruses and are investigated as human therapeutics. A common issue in sequencing the bovine BCR repertoire is the sequence length required to capture variable (V) and isotype gene information.

Investigating the effect of reduced temperatures on the efficacy of rhabdovirus-based viral vector platforms.

Rhabdoviral vectors can induce lysis of cancer cells. While studied almost exclusively at 37 °C, viruses are subject to a range of temperatures , including temperatures ≤31 °C. Despite potential implications, the effect of temperatures <37 °C on the performance of rhabdoviral vectors is unknown.