The investigation of diesel soot emission using instrument combination of multi-wavelength photoacoustic spectroscopy and scanning mobility particle sizer.

The parallel measurements of wavelength dependent optical absorption, particle number size distribution have made by a multi wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer (4λ-PAS) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) respectively at different modes of a diesel engine using two different types of fuel. The thermal evolution of the emission was also investigated using posterior temperature treatment of emission. The bimodal size distribution of emitted particles at a set reference temperature has been observed regardless of the applied fuel at idle.

Changing the Buffer in Buffered Lidocaine.

Hospitalized patients require venous access for procedures, treatments, or therapies. The use of lidocaine for pain relief during central vascular access device (CVAD) insertion is a standard of practice. Lidocaine buffered with sodium bicarbonate has been shown to provide significantly more pain relief in the sensation of pain upon injection.

An ERP investigation into the strategic regulation of the fluency heuristic during recognition memory.

The goal of the present study was to determine whether masked repetition priming affects ERPs differently depending on whether or not participants are biased by task conditions to interpret enhanced perceptual fluency as evidence of prior study. Participants studied a list of words either in the visual modality or in the auditory modality and then performed a visual recognition memory test while ERPs were recorded. During the test, half the stimuli were preceded by a briefly presented matching prime word and half were preceded by a briefly presented non-matching prime word.

Enhanced processing fluency leads to biases in source memory.

The present experiments were conducted to determine whether processing fluency affects source memory decisions. In the first three experiments, participants decided whether test items appeared in the same sensory modality (Experiments 1A, 1B) or perceptual form (font type, Experiment 2) at study and test. The results were consistent across the three studies and showed that perceptual priming leads to an increase in reports that stimuli were presented in the same sensory or perceptual form during the study and test phase.

Source memory for unidentified stimuli.

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether participants have source memory for test stimuli that they cannot identify. Using a paradigm developed to investigate the phenomenon of recognition without identification (Peynircioglu, 1990), we found that even when participants could not identify a previously studied item, they nonetheless exhibited above-chance performance on a source discrimination task. Most surprising was that source accuracy for unidentified items was independent of old-new discrimination and not different from that of identified items.