Neuroanatomical and functional consequences of oxytocin treatment at birth in prairie voles.

Birth is a critical period for the developing brain, a time when surging hormone levels help prepare the fetal brain for the tremendous physiological changes it must accomplish upon entry into the 'extrauterine world'. A number of obstetrical conditions warrant manipulations of these hormones at the time of birth, but we know little of their possible consequences on the developing brain. One of the most notable birth signaling hormones is oxytocin, which is administered to roughly 50% of laboring women in the United States prior to / during delivery.

Changes in brain structure and function following chronic exposure to inhaled vaporised cannabis during periadolescence in female and male mice: A multimodal MRI study.

Background And Aims: Social norms and legality surrounding the use of medical and recreational cannabis are changing rapidly. The prevalence of cannabis use in adolescence is increasing. The aim of this study was to assess any sex-based neurobiological effects of chronically inhaled, vaporised cannabis on adolescent female and male mice.

Functional Connectivity Differences Between Two Culturally Distinct Prairie Vole Populations: Insights Into the Prosocial Network.

Background: The goal of this study was to elucidate the fundamental connectivity-resting-state connectivity-within and between nodes in the olfactory and prosocial (PS) cores, which permits the expression of social monogamy in males; and how differential connectivity accounts for differential expression of prosociality and aggression.

Methods: Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we integrated graph theory analysis to compare functional connectivity between two culturally/behaviorally distinct male prairie voles (Microtusochrogaster).

Results: Illinois males display significantly higher levels of prosocial behavior and lower levels of aggression than KI (Kansas dam and Illinois sire) males, which are associated with differences in underlying neural mechanisms and brain microarchitecture.

Exposure to methylphenidate during peri-adolescence decouples the prefrontal cortex: a multimodal MRI study.

This study was designed to assess the effects of daily psychostimulant exposure during juvenility and peri-adolescence on brain morphology and functional connectivity using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to methylphenidate would enhance connectivity with the prefrontal cortex. Male rats were given daily injections of either methylphenidate (n=10), dextroamphetamine (n=10) or saline vehicle (n=10) from postnatal day 21 to 42.