Metabolic adaptation and related biomechanics in an ankle-based exoskeleton system during six sessions of steady state walking.

Ankle-based exoskeletons have demonstrated metabolic benefits during steady-state walking; however, variability exists in individual adaptation timelines necessary to achieve those benefits. This study assessed timelines for metabolic and gait-related adaptation while wearing an ankle-based exoskeleton while powered (EXOP) compared to unpowered (EXNP) and no device worn (NOEX). Metabolic (VO) and biomechanics data were collected while 14 participants walked on a treadmill at 1.

The parasitic lifestyle of an archaeal symbiont.

DPANN archaea are a diverse group of microorganisms characterised by small cells and reduced genomes. To date, all cultivated DPANN archaea are ectosymbionts that require direct cell contact with an archaeal host species for growth and survival. However, these interactions and their impact on the host species are poorly understood.

The Archaeal Cell Cycle.

Since first identified as a separate domain of life in the 1970s, it has become clear that archaea differ profoundly from both eukaryotes and bacteria. In this review, we look across the archaeal domain and discuss the diverse mechanisms by which archaea control cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and cell division. While the molecular and cellular processes archaea use to govern these critical cell biological processes often differ markedly from those described in bacteria and eukaryotes, there are also striking similarities that highlight both unique and common principles of cell cycle control across the different domains of life.