Opioid-induced respiratory depression: clinical aspects and pathophysiology of the respiratory network effects.

Important insights and consensus remain lacking for risk prediction of opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), reversal of respiratory depression (RD), the pathophysiology of OIRD, and which sites make the most significant contribution to its induction. The ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide is the most sensitive biomarker of OIRD. To accurately predict respiratory depression (RD), a multivariant RD prospective trial using continuous capnograph and oximetry examining 5 independent variables: age ≥60, sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure (PRODIGY trial), was undertaken.

A systematic review of surgical and interventional radiology procedures for pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is defined as elevated intracranial pressure and consequent symptoms (mainly headache and visual deterioration) occurring in the absence of secondary causes. Surgical and interventional radiology procedures should be considered for refractory IIH and mainly include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion techniques, optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF), and venous sinus stenting (VSS). Our study aims to review the current literature on the application of these techniques in clinical practice.