MtDNA genetic diversity and phylogeographic insights into giant domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) breeds: connections between Central Europe and the Middle East.

Humans have selectively bred domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) to create breeds with a diversity of shapes, colors and other attributes. Since Darwin, the domestic pigeon has always been a popular model species for scientific research because of its richness of form, colouration and behaviour. It is believed that the world's squab pigeon industry uses breeds and hybrids from the Mediterranean region.

First report of type B in Iraqi broiler flocks with swollen head syndrome.

Background And Aim: Swollen head syndrome (SHS) is a complex disease caused by various agents, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as environmental factors. (aMPV) is one of the most important causes of respiratory diseases and SHS in poultry and one of the most widespread viruses worldwide; however, it has not been recorded in Iraq. This study aimed at the molecular identification and subtyping of aMPV in poultry, with the objectives of investigating the prevalence of aMPV in infected broiler flocks with SHS and molecular typing using primers specific to the study of the prevalence of subtypes A, B, and C of aMPV.

The first isolation and detection of from swollen head syndrome-infected broiler flocks in Iraq.

Background And Aim: The swollen head syndrome (SHS) makes up complex diseases that infect the upper respiratory tract in poultry and causes several economic losses. Furthermore, this syndrome is considered one of the multifactorial etiological agents. Therefore, this study isolated and molecularly detected (ORT) in poultry.