Muscle contraction exercise for low back pain.

Background: Low-back pain (LBP) continues to be one of the main problems for which sufferers seek treatment in primary care. It can be treated with different physiotherapy mechanisms.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare the effect of isotonic and isometric exercise on the reported pain of patients with low back pain.

Chemical Characteristics, Motivation and Strategies in choice of Materials used as Liver Phantom: A Literature Review.

Liver phantoms have been developed as an alternative to human tissue and have been used for different purposes. In this article, the items used for liver phantoms fabrication are mentioned same as in the previous literature reviews. Summary and characteristics of these materials are presented.