Changes in expression of the autophagy-related genes microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β and autophagy related 7 in skeletal muscle of fattening Japanese Black cattle: a pilot study.

Objective: Autophagy is a bulk degradation system for intracellular proteins which contributes to skeletal muscle homeostasis, according to previous studies in humans and rodents. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological role of autophagy in the skeletal muscle of meat animals. This study was planned as a pilot study to investigate changes in expression of two major autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy related 7 (ATG7) in fattening beef cattle, and to compare them with skeletal muscle growth.

Carbamazepine-Induced Liver Injury Requires CYP3A-Mediated Metabolism and Glutathione Depletion in Rats.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is widely used as an antiepileptic agent and causes rare but severe liver injury in humans. It has been generally recognized that reactive metabolites formed via the metabolic activation reaction contribute to the onset of liver injuries by several drugs. However, the role of CBZ metabolism in the development of liver injury is not fully understood.

Development of a cell-based assay system considering drug metabolism and immune- and inflammatory-related factors for the risk assessment of drug-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern in drug development and clinical pharmacotherapy. However, prediction of DILI is difficult because the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To establish a novel cell-based screening system to suggest drugs with hepatotoxic potential in preclinical drug development, comprehensive gene expression analyses during in vivo DILI are necessary.

Involvement of immune- and inflammatory-related factors in flucloxacillin-induced liver injury in mice.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious problem in pre-clinical stages of drug development and clinical pharmacotherapy, but the pathogenesis of DILI has not been elucidated. Flucloxacillin (FLX), which is a β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class that is used widely in Europe and Australia, rarely causes DILI. Clinical features suggest that FLX-induced liver injury is caused by immune- and inflammatory-related factors, but the mechanism of FLX-induced liver injury is unknown.

Metabolic activation and inflammation reactions involved in carbamazepine-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury is a major safety concern in drug development and clinical pharmacotherapy; however, advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury are hampered by the lack of animal models. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic agent. Although the drug is generally well tolerated, only a small number of patients prescribed CBZ develop severe hepatitis.

Involvement of immune-related factors in diclofenac-induced acute liver injury in mice.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern in drug development and clinical drug therapy. However, the underlying mechanism of DILI is little known. It is difficult to predict DILI in humans due to the lack of experimental animal models.

Involvement of Th2 cytokines in the mouse model of flutamide-induced acute liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury is a growing concern for pharmaceutical companies and patients because numerous drugs have been linked to hepatotoxicity and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn. Flutamide rarely causes liver dysfunction in humans, and immune allergic reactions have been suggested in some cases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of flutamide-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice.