Museum-archived and recent acquisition nitrates from the Atacama Desert, Chile, South America: refinement of the dual isotopic compositions (N O).

Sodium nitrate ores from the Atacama Desert in South America were economically important as they represented huge natural resources for the fertilizer and explosives industries during the early nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (N and O) of these desert nitrates generally show unique compositions (from close to 0 and up to ca. +50 ‰, respectively).

Dual isotopic (δN-δO) characterization of saltpetre currently prevailing in Lao PDR and its global compilation: new insight into isotope fractionation during production processes.

Saltpetre (KNO; potassium nitrate) is one of the major ingredients of gunpowder. Simplex saltpetre (total 126 samples) together with gunpowder (total 93 samples) commodities which are currently prevailing in local markets as used for wildlife hunting and rocket festivals (local name in Lao: ) were collected from throughout Lao PDR. Dual isotopic composition of nitrates (δN, δO) was analyzed by the microbial denitrification method.

Dual (oxygen and nitrogen) isotopic characterization of the museum archived nitrates from the United States of America, South Africa and Australia.

Dual (oxygen and nitrogen) isotopic composition of the museum archived nitrates from the United States of America, South Africa and Australia was studied. The analyzed specimens were collected in middle 19th to early 20th centuries, and represent world-wide acquisition of the Smithsonian Institution Natural Museum of Natural History (Washington, D. C.

A 64-bp sequence containing the GAAGA motif is essential for CaMV-35S promoter methylation in gentian.

This study investigated sequence specificity and perenniality of DNA methylation in the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter of transgenic gentian (Gentiana triflora×G. scabra) plants. Unlike conventional transgene silencing models, 35S promoter hypermethylation in gentian is species-specific and occurs irrespective of the T-DNA copy number and genomic location.

CaMV-35S promoter sequence-specific DNA methylation in lettuce.

We found 35S promoter sequence-specific DNA methylation in lettuce. Additionally, transgenic lettuce plants having a modified 35S promoter lost methylation, suggesting the modified sequence is subjected to the methylation machinery. We previously reported that cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-specific DNA methylation in transgenic gentian (Gentiana triflora × G.