Relationship of dietary intake between children aged 12-59 months and their mothers in rural Kenya: a cross-sectional study in two seasons.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the quantitative association between the dietary intakes of children and their caregivers.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, a non-consecutive 2-day 24-h dietary recall was conducted in two seasons. Participants comprised 142 pairs of 12-59-month-old children and their female caregivers from rural areas of Kenya.

Energy Intake from Healthy Foods Is Associated with Motor Fitness in Addition to Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study of First-Grade Schoolchildren in Japan.

Childhood motor fitness is important for the physical and mental health of children and the prevention of future lifestyle diseases. This study aimed to investigate how energy intake from healthy foods and physical activity are associated with motor fitness among first-grade children. First-grade children (aged 6-7 years) attending three public elementary schools in Tokyo, Japan ( = 884), participated in this cross-sectional study.

High Adherence to the Food Pyramid's Recommendations Avoids the Risk of Insufficient Nutrient Intake among Farmers in Peri-Urban Kenya.

This study aimed to investigate whether the Kenyan Food Pyramid (FP) can evaluate excess or insufficient nutrient intake. Participants were farmers (56 men and 64 women, aged 18-60 years) in Wangige Village, Kiambu County-a peri-urban area of Kenya. Cross-sectional data were collected for demographic characteristics, physical measurements, and 2-day and 24-h dietary recalls.

Association between sugar and starch intakes and type 2 diabetes risk in middle-aged adults in a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between sugar or starch intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in middle-aged Japanese adults.

Subjects/methods: Participants comprised 27,797 men and 36,880 women aged 45-75 years with no history of diabetes and critical illness before the second survey in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. We calculated sugar (total sugar, total fructose, and sugar subtypes) and starch intakes (% energy/d) using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire, to estimate the average dietary intake over the previous year.

[The effects of the "Tabepo Check Sheet," which lists 10 food groups, on the dietary variety of older adults in a metropolitan area].

Objectives　This study examined the effects of checking the "Tabepo Check Sheet," which has 10 food groups, on changes in dietary variety among older adults living in Japanese metropolitan areas.Methods　We used baseline and two-year follow-up data from a community-wide intervention to prevent frailty in Ota City, Tokyo. A total of 8,635 non-disabled residents (4,145 men and 4,490 women) aged 65-84 years who responded to the self-administered questionnaire surveys in 2016 and 2018, were included in the two analyses.

Breakfast before resistance exercise lessens urinary markers of muscle protein breakdown in young men: A crossover trial.

Objectives: Skipping breakfast prolongs the fasting state initiated after the last meal consumed the previous day and can have negative effects on muscle protein balance. The aim of this crossover trial was to examine the effects of skipping breakfast before a single bout of resistance exercise (RE) on muscle protein breakdown (MPB), as assessed using the urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio (3-MH/Cr).

Methods: Thirteen healthy young men, who habitually consumed breakfast (21.

Time-of-Day of Energy Intake Is Associated with Body Fat Percentage in Japanese Female University Rhythmic Gymnasts and Non-Athlete Students.

This study investigated whether body fat percentage (BF%) in Japanese female university rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and non-athletes (control) was associated with the time-of-day of energy intake. A total of 57 females (RG group, n=34; control group, n=23) completed 24-h dietary recall surveys on 3 non-consecutive days. BF% was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer after overnight fasting.

Higher energy intake at dinner decreases parasympathetic activity during nighttime sleep in menstruating women: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Previous studies have found more frequent increases in dietary intake and nonrestorative nocturnal sleep during the luteal phase than in the follicular phase, but few studies have investigated how increased energy intake at dinner influences sleep by considering the correlation between female hormone and cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. This study examined the effects of energy intake at dinner on ANS activity during nighttime sleep in order to evaluate restorative sleep in healthy women. We also examined whether ANS activity is associated with female hormone dynamics.

Association of habitual dietary intake with morningness-eveningness and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses.

Rotating shift workers are associated with imbalanced dietary intakes. Rotating shift workers and dietary intakes in adults who do not engage in night work have also been shown to be associated with chronotype. However, no studies have examined associations between morningness-eveningness (i.

The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity: An Observational Study Considering Lifestyle (Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep) among Female College Students.

Studies examining the impact of menstrual cycle phases on the cardiac autonomic nervous system have produced inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship, controlling for the confounding effects of diet, physical activity, and sleep, which can be affected by the menstrual cycle. Fifteen female college students with regular menses were enrolled.

Effects of Popular Diets without Specific Calorie Targets on Weight Loss Outcomes: Systematic Review of Findings from Clinical Trials.

The present review examined the evidence base for current popular diets, as listed in the 2016 U.S. News & World Report, on short-term (≤six months) and long-term (≥one year) weight loss outcomes in overweight and obese adults.

Nutrition and Exercise in Sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is a debilitating condition that involves loss of muscle mass and function, which affects virtually everyone as they age, and can lead to frailty and ultimately disability. In growing recognition of the importance of both muscle strength and muscle mass relative to body size in contributing to functional decline, recent definitions have now incorporated grip strength and a correction for body mass as part of the key criteria that define sarcopenia. With this new definition, a much larger population of older adults are now at risk of sarcopenia.

Association of eating behaviours with diurnal preference and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Our study examines differences in eating behaviour between day workers and rotating shift workers, and considers whether diurnal preference could explain the differences.

Methods: Japanese female nurses were studied (39 day workers and 123 rotating shift workers, aged 21-63 years) using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed eating behaviours, diurnal preference and demographic characteristics.

Habitual dietary protein intake affects body iron status in Japanese female college rhythmic gymnasts: a follow-up study.

Background: Many rhythmic gymnasts stay lean by reducing their body weight (BW); however, this may result in iron deficiency (ID). Our previous cross-sectional study reported an association between ID incidence and protein intake in gymnasts during the pre-season. The present study aimed to examine the association between dietary protein intake and ID incidence in a 2-year follow-up study.

Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Collegiate Athletes.

Background: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been developed and validated for various populations. To our knowledge, however, no FFQ has been validated for young athletes. Here, we investigated whether an FFQ that was developed and validated to estimate dietary intake in middle-aged persons was also valid for estimating that in young athletes.

Examining the relationship between vegetable intake of mothers and that of their children: a cross-sectional study of 10- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Japan.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between mothers' and children's vegetable intake and whether children are conscious about their vegetable intake.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires for mothers and children, consisting of items regarding diet history, were distributed to children via homeroom teachers.

Relationship Between Dietary Factors and Bodily Iron Status Among Japanese Collegiate Elite Female Rhythmic Gymnasts.

This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and associations between dietary factors and incidence of ID in female rhythmic gymnasts during preseason periods. Participants were 60 elite collegiate rhythmic gymnasts (18.1 ± 0.

Association of body mass index with lifestyle and rotating shift work in Japanese female nurses.

Objective: Higher body mass index (BMI) values have been reported in rotating shift workers compared with regular daytime workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedule and BMI, and considers whether lifestyle habits could explain the relationship.

Methods: Japanese female nurses (1179 day workers and 1579 rotating shift workers, aged 20-59) were studied using self-administered questionnaires.

Effects of feeding schedule changes on the circadian phase of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and serum lipid levels.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scheduling meals earlier in the day affects the circadian phase of the cardiac autonomic nervous system as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) and serum lipid levels.

Methods: Healthy men aged 21.4 ± 0.

Diurnal 24-hour rhythm in ambulatory heart rate variability during the day shift in rotating shift workers.

Circadian variation in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity and behavior during the day shifts of shift workers has not hitherto been clarified. This study examined diurnal 24-h variation in heart rate variability (HRV), sleep-wake cycle, physical activity, and food intake during the day shift in rotating shift workers. The subjects were female nurses and caregivers working at a health care facility (14 day workers and 13 rotating shift workers).

Influence of dietary behavior on the circadian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system as assessed by heart rate variability.

Background: Misalignment of circadian systems is detrimental to human health. However, only a few studies have examined the influence of late meals on the human circadian system. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether delayed meals affect circadian rhythm as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV).

Effects of egg white protein supplementation on muscle strength and serum free amino acid concentrations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of egg white protein compared to carbohydrate intake prior to exercise on fat free mass (FFM), one repetition maximum (1RM) muscle strength and blood biochemistry in female athletes. Thirty healthy female collegiate athletes were recruited for this study and matched by sport type, body fat percentage and 1RM leg curl muscle strength. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: protein group (15.

Relationship of dietary intake and lifestyle factors to health-related quality of life in the community-dwelling elderly.

Quality of life (QOL) encompasses a broad notion of health and is increasingly used to evaluate the effectiveness of health care services. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in the community-dwelling elderly (mean age, 72.7±0.

Constitutive expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in keratinocytes causes inflammatory skin lesions.

Occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested to provoke inflammatory and/or allergic disorders, including asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. The molecular mechanisms of this PAH-mediated inflammation remain to be clarified. Previous studies implied the involvement of PAHs as irritants and allergens, with the reactive oxygen species generated from the oxygenated PAHs believed to be an exacerbating factor.