VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in rodents in Spain.

Rodents are considered one of the animal pests with the greatest impact on agricultural production and public health. Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), used as one of the most effective ways to control rodent populations worldwide, inhibit the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKORC1) enzyme involved in blood coagulation. Resistances to ARs are mainly associated with mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vkorc1 gene.

Preparation of feed with metal oxide nanoparticles for nanomaterial dietary exposure to fish and use in OECD TG 305.

The first step of nanomaterial accumulation in the aquatic environment is the uptake of particulate material. For substances with very low water solubility, exposure via water may be of limited relevance in comparison to the dietary route. The OECD Test Guideline 305 for bioaccumulation testing in fish using dietary exposure recommends to add substances to fish food following methodologies normally used in aquaculture (e.

Acute hazard of biocides for the aquatic environmental compartment from a life-cycle perspective.

One of the aims of the European project LIFE-COMBASE is to build a computational tool to predict the acute toxicity for aquatic organisms of biocidal active substances and its environmental degradation products. A database was implemented compiling toxicity data for these substances in organisms of the freshwater/marine and sewage treatment plant compartments. The goal of this study is to analyze the compiled data to identify the possible hazard of these compounds for the aquatic compartments.

Somatotropic Axis Regulation Unravels the Differential Effects of Nutritional and Environmental Factors in Growth Performance of Marine Farmed Fishes.

The Gh/Prl/Sl family has evolved differentially through evolution, resulting in varying relationships between the somatotropic axis and growth rates within and across fish species. This is due to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous factors that make this association variable throughout season and life cycle, and the present minireview aims to better define the nutritional and environmental regulation of the endocrine growth cascade over precisely defined groups of fishes, focusing on Mediterranean farmed fishes. As a result, circulating Gh and Igf-i are revitalized as reliable growth markers, with a close association with growth rates of gilthead sea bream juveniles with deficiency signs in both macro- or micro-nutrients.

Gene expression profiling of whole blood cells supports a more efficient mitochondrial respiration in hypoxia-challenged gilthead sea bream ().

Background: Acclimation to abiotic challenges, including decreases in O availability, requires physiological and anatomical phenotyping to accommodate the organism to the environmental conditions. The retention of a nucleus and functional mitochondria in mature fish red blood cells makes blood a promising tissue to analyse the transcriptome and metabolic responses of hypoxia-challenged fish in an integrative and non-invasive manner.

Methods: Juvenile gilthead sea bream () were reared at 20-21 °C under normoxic conditions (> 85% O saturation) followed by exposure to a gradual decrease in water O concentration to 3.

Induction of EROD and BFCOD activities in tissues of barbel (Barbus callensis) from a water reservoir in Algeria.

EROD and BFCOD activities were measured in liver and gills of barbel (Barbus callensis, a native North African species) captured at Beni Haroun lake, the most important water reservoir in Algeria. This lake receives wastewater from different origins. Thus, we assessed the level of pollution through the induction of detoxification activities in tissues of barbel, evaluating simultaneously the suitability of this species to be used as a sentinel.

Negligible cytotoxicity induced by different titanium dioxide nanoparticles in fish cell lines.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) have a wide number of applications in cosmetic, solar and paint industries due to their photocatalyst and ultraviolet blocking properties. The continuous increase in the production of TiO-NPs enhances the risk for this manufactured nanomaterial to enter water bodies through treated effluents or agricultural amendments. TiO-NPs have shown very low toxicity in a number of aquatic organisms.

Tissue-specific gene expression and fasting regulation of sirtuin family in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).

The seven sirtuin (SIRT) counterparts of higher vertebrates were identified and molecularly characterized in a farmed fish of the Sparidae family, order Perciformes. These proteins are NAD-dependent deacetylases that couple protein deacetylation with the energy status of the cell via the cellular NAD/NADH ratio with a strict conservation of the characteristic catalytic domain surrounded by divergent N- and C- terminal regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed three major clades corresponding to SIRT1-3, SIRT4-5, and SIRT6-7 that reflected the present hierarchy of vertebrates and the accepted classification of SIRTs.

Unraveling the molecular signatures of oxidative phosphorylation to cope with the nutritionally changing metabolic capabilities of liver and muscle tissues in farmed fish.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation provides over 90% of the energy produced by aerobic organisms, therefore the regulation of mitochondrial activity is a major issue for coping with the changing environment and energy needs. In fish, there is a large body of evidence of adaptive changes in enzymatic activities of the OXPHOS pathway, but less is known at the transcriptional level and the first aim of the present study was to define the molecular identity of the actively transcribed subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of a livestock animal, using gilthead sea bream as a model of farmed fish with a high added value for European aquaculture. Extensive BLAST searches in our transcriptomic database (www.

Metabolic and transcriptional responses of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) to environmental stress: new insights in fish mitochondrial phenotyping.

The aim of the current study was to phenotype fish metabolism and the transcriptionally-mediated response of hepatic mitochondria of gilthead sea bream to intermittent and repetitive environmental stressors: (i) changes in water temperature (T-ST), (ii) changes in water level and chasing (C-ST) and (iii) multiple sensory perception stressors (M-ST). Gene expression profiling was done using a quantitative PCR array of 60 mitochondria-related genes, selected as markers of transcriptional regulation, oxidative metabolism, respiration uncoupling, antioxidant defense, protein import/folding/assembly, and mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis. The mitochondrial phenotype mirrored changes in fish performance, haematology and lactate production.

Tissue-specific gene expression and functional regulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) by hypoxia and nutrient availability in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): implications on the physiological significance of UCP1-3 variants.

The aim of this study was to assess in an integrative manner the physiological regulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in gilthead sea bream. A contig of 1,325 nucleotides in length with an open reading frame of 307 amino acids was recognized as UCP2 after searches in our transcriptome reference database ( http://www.nutrigroup-iats.

Deep sequencing for de novo construction of a marine fish (Sparus aurata) transcriptome database with a large coverage of protein-coding transcripts.

Background: The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is the main fish species cultured in the Mediterranean area and constitutes an interesting model of research. Nevertheless, transcriptomic and genomic data are still scarce for this highly valuable species. A transcriptome database was constructed by de novo assembly of gilthead sea bream sequences derived from public repositories of mRNA and collections of expressed sequence tags together with new high-quality reads from five cDNA 454 normalized libraries of skeletal muscle (1), intestine (1), head kidney (2) and blood (1).

Dietary oils mediate cortisol kinetics and the hepatic mRNA expression profile of stress-responsive genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) exposed to crowding stress. Implications on energy homeostasis and stress susceptibility.

Juveniles of gilthead sea bream were fed with plant protein-based diets with fish oil (FO diet) or vegetable oils (66VO diet) as dietary lipid sources. No differences in growth performance were found between both groups, and fish with an average body mass of 65-70 g were crowded (90-100 kg/m(3)) to assess the stress response within the 72 h after the onset of stressor. The rise in plasma cortisol and glucose levels was higher in stressed fish of group 66VO (66VO-S) than in FO group (FO-S), but the former stressed group regained more quickly the cortisol resting values of the corresponding non-stressed diet group.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of six peroxiredoxin paralogous genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): insights from fish exposed to dietary, pathogen and confinement stressors.

The aim of this work was to underline the physiological role of the antioxidant peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.), a perciform fish extensively cultured in the Mediterranean area. First, extensive BLAST searches were done on the gilthead sea bream cDNA database of the AQUAMAX European Project (www.

Feed restriction up-regulates uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene expression in heart and red muscle tissues of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) New insights in substrate oxidation and energy expenditure.

The physiological regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) remains practically unexplored in fish and the aim of this study was to examine the effects of ration size on the regulation of UCP3 in heart, red skeletal muscle and white skeletal muscle of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Juvenile fish were fed at three different levels for 11 weeks: i) full ration until visual satiety (R(100) group), ii) 70% of satiation (R(70) group) and iii) 70% of satiation with two finishing weeks at the maintenance ration (20% of the satiation level) (R(70-20) group).

Gene expression survey of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP1/UCP3) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.).

The aim of this work is to underline the biological significance of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in ectothermic fish using the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) as an experimental model. A contig of 1,990 bp in length was recognized as a UCP1 ortholog after initial searches in the gilthead sea bream AQUAFIRST database ( http://www.

Confinement exposure induces glucose regulated protein 75 (GRP75/mortalin/mtHsp70/PBP74/HSPA9B) in the hepatic tissue of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.).

Glucose regulated protein 75 (GRP75/mortalin/mtHsp70/PBP74/HSPA9B) is a molecular chaperone that was partially cloned and sequenced in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) using a RT-PCR and 3'RACE approach. The deduced amino acid sequence supported the early vertebrate divergence of the heat shock protein 70 family into cytoplasmic Hsp70/Hsc70 group, endoplasmic reticulum-resident group and the mitochondrial-type group of GRP75.