Proposal of graphene band-gap enhancement via heterostructure of graphene with boron nitride in vertical stacking scheme.

Since the discovery of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials in recent years, heterostructures composed of multilayered 2D materials have attracted immense research interest. This is mainly due to the potential prospects of the heterostructures for basic and applied applications related to the emerging technology of energy-efficient optoelectronic devices. In particular, heterostructures of graphene with 2D materials of similar structure have been proposed to open up the band gap to tune the transport properties of graphene for a variety of technological applications.

Dorsal onlay augmentation urethroplasty with small intestinal submucosa: modified Barbagli technique for strictures of the bulbar urethra.

Aim: To present the results from one clinic's experience of using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in augmentation urethroplasty for management of strictures of the bulbar urethra.

Methods: Urethral surgery was performed in nine men with strictures 4-6 cm. All of the patients were evaluated by history, physical examination, retrograde urethrogram, and uroflowmetry.