DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR INTUSSUSCEPTION IN CHILDREN.

Background: Intussusception is a common cause of bowel obstruction in children, and early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications. Ultrasonography is widely used to diagnose intussusception, but its validity parameters in children have not been well-established. The objective of this study is to determine the validity parameters of ultrasonography in diagnosing intussusception in children, taking surgical findings as the gold standard.

The Electronic Impact of Light-Induced Degradation in CsPbBr Perovskite Nanocrystals at Gold Interfaces.

The understanding of the interfacial properties in perovskite devices under irradiation is crucial for their engineering. In this study we show how the electronic structure of the interface between CsPbBr perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) and Au is affected by irradiation of X-rays, near-infrared (NIR), and ultraviolet (UV) light. The effects of X-ray and light exposure could be differentiated by employing low-dose X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Predictors of acute muscle loss in the intensive care unit: A secondary analysis of an in-bed cycling trial for critically ill patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assist clinicians to identify critically ill patients at greatest risk of acute muscle loss and to analyse the associations between protein intake and exercise on acute muscle loss.

Materials And Methods: Secondary analysis of a single-centre randomised clinical trial of in-bed cycling using a mixed effects model was undertaken to examine the association between key variables and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA). Groups were combined, and key variables for the cohort were modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) scores within the first days following intensive care unit admission, longitudinal RFCSA measurements, percent of daily recommended protein intake, and group allocation (usual care, in-bed cycling).

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Chest Radiograph In Interstitial Lung Disease As Confirmed By High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Chest.

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) - an umbrella term encompassing about 100 different pathophysiological entities are usually defined as an irreversible, progressive fibrotic changes in the lung parenchyma that leads to difficult breathing and reduced gaseous exchange at the alveolar level. We aimed to quantify the validity of CXR for the diagnosis of ILD taking HRCT as gold standard in the population of Hazara division.

Methods: This validation study was conducted during 11 June till 12 Dec 2019 in the radiology department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad on 60 adult patients aged 30-60 years who presented with progressive exertional dyspnoea.

Use Of Radiological Diagnostic Modalities In Tertiary Care Hospital - How Do The Clinicians Decide About Type Of Modality And Clinician Perception Regarding Hazards Associated With Radiological Imaging Modalities?

Background: In the past few decades there is rapid advancement in technology and hence tremendous innovations in diagnostic imaging. This has increased our ability to diagnose illness and monitor response to treatment in a manner which was not previously possible. As compared to previous times, there is also more easy availability of these diagnostic imaging modalities in our hospitals.

Integration of radiology in the modular system at the undergraduate level.

Background: Integration of Radiology is challenging because in the traditional system it is introduced with a clinical subject while in an integrated curriculum, vertical integration of Radiology is done with anatomy in the first year and with pathology, forensic medicine, ophthalmology, ENT, gynaecology surgery, and medicine till the final year. This study was done with the purpose to evaluate Radiology teaching in an integrated curriculum in undergraduate students of Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College/Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Hospital Muzaffarabad.

Methods: This study was done to determine student's perceptions regarding Radiology teaching at Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College (AJKMC), starting from the foundation module of the first year till the final year.

The inter- and intrarater reliability and feasibility of dietetic assessment of sarcopenia and frailty in potential liver transplant recipients: A mixed-methods study.

Sarcopenia and frailty are associated with poorer outcomes in potential liver transplant (LT) recipients. We examined the reliability and feasibility of dietitians assessing sarcopenia and frailty. Seventy-five adults referred for LT underwent assessments of muscle mass (abdominal CTs), physical function (handgrip strength; HGS, short physical performance battery; SPPB), and frailty (Liver Frailty Index; LFI).

The Outcome Of Closed Reduction And Cast Immobilization Of Colle's Fractures Using Radiological Parameters In The Emergency Department.

Background: Distal radius fractures account for most of the injuries presenting in trauma centers. Colle's fractures are defined as fractures within 2.5 cm of the wrist with dorsal angulation of the distal fragment.

Validity Of Grayscale Ultrasound And Resistive Index In The Detection Of Nature Of Ovarian Neoplasms By Taking Histopathology As A Gold Standard.

Background: The utility of ultrasound has long been established in the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive imaging modality that has a high sensitivity and specificity. The objective was to determine the validity of grayscale ultrasound and resistive index in the detection of nature of ovarian neoplasms by taking histopathology as a gold standard.

Non-Contrast Enhanced Multi-Slice Ct-Kub In Renal Colic: Spectrum Of Abnormalities Detected On Ct Kub And Assessment Of Referral Patterns.

Background: Renal colic is a common problem and significant number of patients presenting to ER, ED are suffering from acute or chronic renal colic. The conventional methods of investigating patients with renal colic are urine routine examination, plain radiograph for KUB (kidneys, ureters and bladder) and ultrasound followed by intravenous urography. Now a days non contrast enhanced computed tomography of kidneys, ureters and bladder is the first line investigation in suspected upper urinary tract obstruction.

A framework to support quality of care for patients with chronic intestinal failure requiring home parenteral nutrition.

Background And Aim: Chronic intestinal failure requiring home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a disabling condition that is best facilitated by a multidisciplinary approach to care. Variation in care has been identified as a key barrier to achieving quality of care for patients on HPN and requires appropriate strategies to help standardize management.

Method: The Australasian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AuSPEN) assembled a multidisciplinary working group of 15 clinicians to develop a quality framework to assist with the standardization of HPN care in Australia.

ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells.

Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO-indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO-ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate And C-Reactive Protein As Marker Of Acute Versus Chronic Medical Conditions.

Background: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are frequently requested investigations that aid health professionals in precisely diagnosing and following a number of complicated disease conditions. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether a rise in any of these acute phase reactants has predilection for an acute illness versus chronic disease..

Parenteral Provision of Micronutrients to Adult Patients: An Expert Consensus Paper.

Background: Micronutrients, an umbrella term used to collectively describe vitamins and trace elements, are essential components of nutrition. Those requiring alternative forms of nutrition support are dependent on the prescribed nutrition regimen for their micronutrient provision. The purpose of this paper is to assist clinicians to bridge the gap between the available guidelines' recommendations and their practical application in the provision of micronutrients via the parenteral route to adult patients.

Early oral feeding after colorectal surgery: A mixed methods study of knowledge translation.

Aim: Evidence-based guidelines recommend early oral feeding (EOF) as prescription of an unrestricted diet within 24 hours after colorectal surgery. The present study aimed to understand local postoperative feeding practices after colorectal surgery; identify barriers to EOF implementation; select, tailor and implement stakeholder engagement strategies to facilitate EOF uptake; and evaluate changes to practice.

Methods: A longitudinal, mixed methods study was undertaken, guided by the knowledge-to-action framework.

Outcomes Of Intensive Care Patients Having Septic Shock At A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Islamabad.

Background: Septic shock is defined as sepsis with circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities which are associated with greater mortality more than 40%. The objective of this study was to identify shortcomings and act promptly and adequately.

Methods: This case series included 32 patients over a period of 03 months, September to November 2016 done at ICU of KRL Hospital Islamabad.

Paediatrics Brain Imaging In Epilepsy: Common Presenting Symptoms And Spectrum Of Abnormalities Detected On MRI.

Background: Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder can present at any age and has a number of aetiologies with underlying brain disease being the most common aetiology. Brain imaging becomes important and mandatory in the work up for epilepsy in localization and lateralization of the seizure focus.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Radiology Ayub Medical Teaching Institution Abbottabad from 1st March 2015 to 31st March 2016.

Pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A in a Teaching Hospital in Islamabad.

Objective: To see the pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance among Salmonella serovars.

Methods: This longitudinal, observational study was conducted at Khan Research Laboratories Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from May 2012 to December 2014. All patients presenting with typhoid fever with positive blood culture were included.

Correlation of C-Reactive Protein and Cardiac Enzymes with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Pakistani Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Objective: To determine the correlation of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the severity of coronary stenosis on angiography and the association of cardiac enzymes with the degree of stenosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Secondly, to compare association of angiographic severity of vascular stenosis with CRP in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI / Unstable angina (UA).

Study Design: Prospective, descriptive study.

Australasian society for parenteral and enteral nutrition (AuSPEN) adult vitamin guidelines for parenteral nutrition.

Background And Objectives: This work represents the second part of a progressive review of AuSPEN's 1999 Guidelines for Provision of Micronutrient Supplementation in adult patients receiving parenteral nutrition.

Methods And Study Design: A systematic literature review was undertaken and recommendations made based on the available evidence and with consideration to specific elements of the Australian and New Zealand (NZ) practice environment. The strength of evidence underpinning each recommendation was assessed.

Recommendations for Manganese Supplementation to Adult Patients Receiving Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition: An Analysis of the Supporting Evidence.

Introduction: Manganese (Mn) toxicity is often observed in adult patients receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN), and differing recommendations on the safe level of Mn administration to these patients have been made in the literature over the past 10 years.

Methods: This systematic review used the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) evidence hierarchy to assess the design and strength of individual studies (high I to low IV) and the overall grade of evidence (grade A high to grade D low).

Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria.

Effects of bolus dose and continuous infusion of tranexamic acid on blood loss after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Cardiac surgery is associated with excessive bleeding that is as a result of coagulopathy caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. We evaluated the effect of two different modalities for administering similar doses of tranexamic acid on bleeding following primary elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: In the randomized control trial.

Comparison of perinatal outcome of growth restricted fetuses with normal and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms.

Background: Intrauterine growth restridtion (IUGR) is a complex problem. It is notorious but a difficult diagnosis. The perinatal mortality can be reduced when the results of umbilical artery Doppler are made available to clinicians to help them intervene more timely and appropriately.

Australasian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines for supplementation of trace elements during parenteral nutrition.

Background: This work represents the first part of a progressive review of AuSPEN's 1999 Guidelines for Provision of Micronutrient Supplementation in Adult Patients receiving Parenteral Nutrition, in recognition of the developments in the literature on this topic since that time.

Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken and recommendations were made based on the available evidence and with consideration to specific elements of the Australian and New Zealand practice environment. The strength of evidence underpinning each recommendation was assessed.