Innovations in detecting skull fractures: A review of computer-aided techniques in CT imaging.

Background/introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of disability and mortality, with skull fractures being a frequent and serious consequence. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of these fractures is crucial, yet current manual methods via cranial CT scans are time-consuming and prone to error.

Methods: This review paper focuses on the evolution of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for detecting skull fractures in TBI patients.

Marrow Fat-Cortical Bone Relationship in β-Thalassemia: A Study Using MRI.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that marrow adipocytes play an active role in the regulation of bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. However, research on the relationship between bone and fat in the context of hematological diseases, particularly β-thalassemia, remains limited.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between marrow fat and cortical bone thickness in β-thalassemia and to identify key determinants influencing these variables.

The potential role of artificial intelligence-assisted chest X-ray imaging in detecting early-stage lung cancer in the community-a proposed algorithm for lung cancer screening in Malaysia.

Introduction: The poor prognosis of lung cancer has been largely attributed to the fact that most patients present with advanced stage disease. Although low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is presently considered the optimal imaging modality for lung cancer screening, its use has been hampered by cost and accessibility. One possible approach to facilitate lung cancer screening is to implement a risk-stratification step with chest radiography, given its ease of access and affordability.

Opportunistic Extraction of Quantitative CT Biomarkers: Turning the Incidental Into Prognostic Information.

The past two decades have seen a significant increase in the use of CT, with a corresponding rise in the mean population radiation dose. This rise in CT use has caused improved diagnostic certainty in conditions that were not previously routinely evaluated using CT, such as headaches, back pain, and chest pain. Unused data, unrelated to the primary diagnosis, embedded within these scans have the potential to provide organ-specific measurements that can be used to prognosticate or risk-profile patients for a wide variety of conditions.

Bone Marrow Fat Distribution in Patients With β-Thalassemia: A Study Using Chemical Shift-Based Water-Fat MRI.

Rationale And Objectives: Molecular studies have shown the changes in bone marrow fat in relation to altered hematopoiesis. This study aims to investigate the changes in the bone marrow fat in patients affected by β-thalassemia by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE)-MRI.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three subjects, comprising of six healthy (17-31 years old) and 17 β-thalassemia subjects (19-39 years old), were scanned using a multiecho fast low angle shot sequence (0.

Challenges in the Management of Childhood Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors in Middle-Income Countries: A 20-Year Retrospective Review From a Single Tertiary Center in Malaysia.

Background: A higher incidence of pediatric intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) in Asian countries compared with Western countries has been reported. In Malaysia, the literature regarding pediatric iGCTs have been nonexistent. The aim of this study was to review the management, survival, and long-term outcomes of pediatric iGCTs at a single tertiary center in Malaysia.

Conduct of neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team meetings and closing the "gaps" in the clinical management of childhood central nervous system tumors in a middle-income country.

Purpose: Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) are essential in the clinical management of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Evaluations of the impact of MDTMs on childhood CNS tumors and clinicians' perspectives on their effectiveness are scarce.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of pediatric patients (aged <18 years) with CNS tumors diagnosed and treated in the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division at the University Malaya Medical Center from 2008 to 2019.

Marrow Fat Content and Composition in β-Thalassemia: A Study using H-MRS.

Background: β-thalassemia is a genetic disease that causes abnormal production of red blood cells (ineffective erythropoiesis, IE). IE is a condition known to change bone marrow composition.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of IE on the marrow fat content and fat unsaturation levels in the proximal femur using H-MRS.

Venous congestion from brachiocephalic vein stenosis mimicking sclerotic vertebral lesions.

In central venous obstruction, vertebral marrow enhancement (VME) may be seen secondary to collateral venous flow via the vertebral venous plexus.1 There are only sporadic case reports on pseudolesions due to collateral enhancement mimicking sclerotic osseous metastasis. This abnormal vertebral enhancement may lead to erroneous diagnosis of sclerotic metastases or suspicious bone lesion which affect the management and prognosis.

Radiation Safety in Emergency Medicine: Balancing the Benefits and Risks.

The use of computed tomography (CT) in emergency departments has increased over several decades, as physicians increasingly depend on imaging for diagnoses. Patients and medical personnel are put at risk due to frequent exposure to and higher levels of radiation, with very little evidence of improvements in outcomes. Here, we explore why CT imaging has a tendency to be overused in emergency departments and the obstacles that medical personnel face in ensuring patient safety.

Measurement of coronary bifurcation angle with coronary CT angiography: A phantom study.

Purpose: Accurate determination of the bifurcation angle and correlation with plaque buildup may lead to the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD). This work evaluates two techniques to measure bifurcation angles in 3D space using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Materials And Methods: Nine phantoms were fabricated with different bifurcation angles ranging from 55.

Sex determination from carpal bone volumes: A Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) study in a Malaysian population.

Purpose: The use of Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) volume measurements of bones for sex determination allows fragile, fragmented human remains to be assessed without compromising the specimen. We set out to assess the ability of MDCT carpal bone volume measurement in determining sex in a Malaysian population.

Materials And Methods: 52 healthy volunteers were scanned in a 16-slice MDCT, and the volume of 104 sets of carpal bones was measured using a Syngo workstation (Both CT and workstation-Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany).

An Incidental Detection of Popliteal Vein Aneurysm during Labeled Leukocyte Scintigraphy.

Technetium (99mTc) exametazime (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime, HMPAO) labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is mainly used to exclude occult infection in our institution. On review of previously published article, no case of popliteal venous aneurysm was ever diagnosed and detected on labeled leukocyte scintigraphy. We present a rare case of popliteal venous aneurysm which was detected on labeled leukocyte scintigraphy and was further confirmed with single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography fusion.