Genipin cross-linked gelatin hydrogel for encapsulating wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells and basic fibroblast growth factor delivery in vocal fold regeneration.

Approaches to regenerate vocal fold in glottic insufficiency remains to be a focus for exploration. This is attributed to the applications of cells or biological molecules alone result in fast degradation and inadequate for regeneration. Development of an injectable hydrogel for glottic insufficiency is challenging, as it needs to be non-cytotoxic, elastic yet possess good strength and easy to fabricate.

Invasive Fungal Laryngotracheitis Causing Laryngotracheal Separation.

Fungal laryngotracheitis (FLT) is rare, and the diagnosis can be challenging, as its presentation lacks specificity and may resemble other conditions such as granulomatous disease, gastroesophageal reflux, or malignancy. FLT can be very invasive, causing complete laryngotracheal separation, leading to a non-functioning larynx. We report a 39-year-old Indian woman with diabetes who presented to the emergency department with a sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia, and stridor for two days.

Sealing the Breach: A Surgical Solution for Tracheoesophageal Fistula With a Simple Two-Layer Closure.

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) followed by voice prosthesis placement stands as the primary method for voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy, heralded for its effectiveness. While generally well-tolerated, the procedure does pose potential long-term complications. These include prosthesis valve leakage, scarring, and prosthesis displacement, all of which can impede phonation capabilities.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Pharyngocutaneous Fistula.

Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is an abnormal connection between the pharynx and skin that can occur after laryngectomy surgery. It can have a significant negative impact on patient recovery, delaying wound healing, requiring prolonged nil-per-oral (NPO) status, and reducing quality of life. Traditionally, the management of PCF has relied on conservative measures or surgical intervention.

Better Safe Than Sorry: A Rare Case of a Laryngeal Foreign Body and the Unconventional Use of Cook® Airway.

Foreign body (FB) inhalation in the pediatric population is a common emergency referral in otolaryngology practice. Mismanagement can lead to significant morbidity or even mortality. Anesthesiologists conventionally use the Cook® airway exchange catheter (CAEC) during endotracheal tube exchange in the intensive care unit, but its usage as an oxygen conduit is beneficial in other airway procedures.

The accuracy of an Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine in detecting voice pathology using the Malaysian Voice Pathology Database.

Background: A multidimensional voice quality assessment is recommended for all patients with dysphonia, which requires a patient visit to the otolaryngology clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an online artificial intelligence classifier, the Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (OSELM), in detecting voice pathology. In this study, a Malaysian Voice Pathology Database (MVPD), which is the first Malaysian voice database, was created and tested.

Determining Cutoff Point in Bahasa Malaysia Version of Voice Handicap Index-10 (mVHI-10).

Objective: Determining the cutoff point on Bahasa Malaysia version of Voice Handicap Index (mVHI-10) questionnaire scores for distinguishing between dysphonic and normal voice samples.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the tertiary hospital, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck clinic.

Methods: The study involved 205 subjects (105 in the dysphonia group; 100 in the normal group) with a complete database of flexible laryngoscopy/stroboscopy, voice recording, acoustic analysis, and mVHI-10 score.

Unilateral False Cord Nodule Presenting As Hoarseness in a Young Patient.

Vocal cord nodules are benign laryngeal lesions seen in professional voice users. They are usually bilateral and are thought to occur due to submucosal edema and hemorrhage, with resultant fibrosis. False cord occurrences are very rare; hence we report a unique case of unilateral right false cord nodule.

Subglottic Hemangioma: A Hidden Mass Presenting in an Unusual Age Group.

Subglottic hemangiomas are rare in adulthood. The presence of the lesion in the subglottic region makes it even more unusual. Moreover, these lesions do not have a typical course and involution changes as seen in the infantile forms.

In vitro evaluation of genipin-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels for vocal fold injection.

Glottic insufficiency is one of the voice disorders affecting all demographics. Due to the incomplete closure of the vocal fold, there is a risk of aspiration and ineffective phonation. Current treatments for glottic insufficiency include nerve repair, reinnervation, implantation and injection laryngoplasty.

Tissue Engineering as a Promising Treatment for Glottic Insufficiency: A Review on Biomolecules and Cell-Laden Hydrogel.

Glottic insufficiency is widespread in the elderly population and occurs as a result of secondary damage or systemic disease. Tissue engineering is a viable treatment for glottic insufficiency since it aims to restore damaged nerve tissue and revitalize aging muscle. After injection into the biological system, injectable biomaterial delivers cost- and time-effectiveness while acting as a protective shield for cells and biomolecules.

Assessment of Awareness of Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST) among Postgraduate Trainees.

Introduction: Although uncommon, local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) may impose fatal risk to the patients. We investigated the awareness of LAST and knowledge on local anaesthetics among our postgraduate trainees.

Materials And Methods: A total of 134 postgraduate trainees from the departments of general surgery (Surgical), orthopaedic surgery (Ortho), otorhinolaryngology (ENT), obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGYN), as well as anaesthesiology and intensive care (Anaesth) were recruited.

Challenges in the Management of Laryngo-Tracheo-Bronchial Stenosis Secondary to Tuberculosis.

Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial tuberculosis may be primary or secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. It causes stenosis of the airway, leading to life threatening airway obstruction. We herein describe the challenges in managing a case of laryngo-tracheo-bronchial stenosis in a 22-year-old patient who presented with stridor post antituberculous therapy secondary to a malacic airway.

Subchordal Cyst Containing Non-degraded Hyaluronic Acid: A Rare Complication of Injection Laryngoplasty.

Injection laryngoplasty (IL) with hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of glottic insufficiency has been reported as a safe procedure with low complication rates. The side effects usually present as acute dyspnea, dysphonia, or dysphagia due to local edema, hematoma, or hypersensitivity reactions. These complications commonly resolve with minimal intervention.

Iatrogenic hypoglossal nerve palsy, a rare complication post suspension laryngoscopy.

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is a pure motor nerve arising as a paired nerve from its nuclei in the medulla, exiting the skull base via the hypoglossal canal, and descending the neck to innervate the muscles of the tongue. Iatrogenic hypoglossal nerve palsy is uncommon, but cases have been reported, especially after airway management in general anaesthesia and suspension laryngoscopy. We report a case of iatrogenic hypoglossal nerve palsy post-suspension laryngoscopy, which was managed conservatively with full recovery after three months.

Reflux Finding Score Using HD Video Chromoendoscopy: A Diagnostic Adjunct in Suspected Laryngopharyngeal Reflux?

Objective: To explore the use of real-time virtual chromoendoscopy (i-scan) in characterizing the mucosal changes present in subjects with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and to compare the inter-rater and intra-rater agreement of Reflux Finding Scores (RFS) from both laryngologists and general otolaryngologists (ORL) observing exams using both white light endoscopy (WLE) and i-scan.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 66 subjects: 46 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic of suspected LPR based on the reflux symptom index (RSI). Subjects underwent flexible video laryngoscopic evaluation of the larynx utilising both WLE and i-scan during one continuous exam.

Serum interleukin 1β in patients with acquired laryngotracheal stenosis.

Objectives: To determine the serum levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in patients with acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (ALTS) and healthy volunteers and compare levels between serum and tissue of the stenotic segment.

Materials And Methods: An exploratory cohort study included 20 participants with ALTS and 5 healthy volunteers. ALTS group was categorised into mild and severe according to grade of stenosis and presence of tracheostomy.

Double-Staged Sleeve Resection of Laryngotracheal Tumor of Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Advanced thyroid carcinoma involving the upper aerodigestive tract confers a poor prognosis mainly due to airway complications. The management of thyroid carcinoma with infiltration to the aerodigestive tract has been widely discussed with no consensus regarding the best surgical technique. Complete surgical resection is the aim of the surgery.

Primary Laryngeal Tuberculosis Manifesting as Irregular Vocal Fold Lesion.

Laryngeal tuberculosis is rare despite its close anatomical and physiological proximity to the lungs. It constitutes less than 1% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The symptoms of laryngeal tuberculosis are non-specific and mimic other laryngeal pathologies.

Subglottic Hemangioma: Now You See it, Now You Don't.

Subglottic hemangiomas may be missed on flexible laryngoscopy or even bronchoscopy requiring a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan to clinch the diagnosis. We report an otherwise healthy three-month baby girl presenting with recurrent upper airway obstruction with a history of multiple admissions requiring intubation and artificial ventilation. An initial contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan was performed when the child was intubated, which showed no airway anomalies.

Early Transthyrohyoid Injection Laryngoplasty Under Local Anaesthesia in a Single Tertiary Center of Southeast Asia: Multidimensional Voice Outcomes.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of early percutaneous transthyrohyoid injection laryngoplasty under local anesthesia in improving voice quality in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients.

Methods: Longitudinal data of 29 UVFP patients who underwent injection laryngoplasty within six months from the onset of the symptoms were studied. The injectate (0.

Hoarseness in an older adult: Ortner syndrome.

A detailed examination in an older adult presenting with chronic hoarseness is mandatory to exclude an upper aerodigestive tract malignancy. We describe a 71-year-old chronic smoker with essential hypertension who presented with hoarseness and vocal fatigue for 5 months. Laryngoscopic examination showed left vocal fold paralysis with phonation gap.

Alarming triad of progressive hoarseness in a male smoker.

Hoarseness accounts for 1% of all consultations in primary care. Suspicion of malignancy should be considered in individuals with risk factors presenting with unexplained hoarseness lasting more than two weeks. A significant number of patients with laryngeal cancer present at an advanced stage due to lack of awareness regarding vocal health.

Sound frequency spectra of snore in relation to the site of obstruction among snorers.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the sound frequency of snoring in relation to the site of upper airway vibration among snorers.

Methods: 383 snores from 40 participants who complained of snoring were digitally recorded during natural and induced sleep using a level III polysomnography monitor with a built-in microphone. During drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), the real-time site of upper airway obstruction was assessed, and the sound frequency of snoring was recorded synchronously.

In Vitro Evaluation of Biomaterials for Vocal Fold Injection: A Systematic Review.

Vocal fold injection is a preferred treatment in glottic insufficiency because it is relatively quick and cost-saving. However, researchers have yet to discover the ideal biomaterial with properties suitable for human vocal fold application. The current systematic review employing PRISMA guidelines summarizes and discusses the available evidence related to outcome measures used to characterize novel biomaterials in the development phase.