Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tears and serum of patients with DR and those without DR.

Method: Among the T2DM patients enrolled in this study, 26 patients had DR (n = 26) while 29 were without DR (n = 29).

Optic canal characteristics in pediatric syndromic craniosynostosis.

The aim of this study was to compare optic canal parameters of syndromic craniosynostosis patients with those of normal patients to visit the possibility of optic nerve impingement as a cause of visual impairment. Computed tomography scan images were processed using the Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) Research 21.0 software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium).

Ophthalmic features of craniosynostosis: A Malaysian experience.

Background: This study aims to collect local Malaysian data regarding the ophthalmic features and complications in craniosynostosis patients who attended the Combined Craniofacial Clinic (CFC) in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC).

Methods: Retrospective study of medical notes of craniosynostosis patients who attended the CFC in UMMC from 2014 to December 2020.

Results: Out of 37 patients, 29 had syndromic craniosynostosis, and 8 had non-syndromic craniosynostosis.

Unilateral ischaemic retinopathy and bilateral subdural haemorrhage in an infant with non-accidental injury: An ophthalmological approach.

Non-accidental injury (NAI) is not an uncommon problem worldwide, which leads to significant morbidity and mortality in infants. The presence of retinal or subdural haemorrhages, or encephalopathy with injuries inconsistent with the clinical history is highly suggestive of NAI. In this study, we report on a case of a a 3-month-old infant who presented to the casualty department with a very sudden onset of recurrent generalised tonic-clonic seizures.