Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Erythromycin-Resistant Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Humans in Close Contact.

() is a major causative agent of mastitis and is resistant to many antibiotics. Thus, there is a need to characterize the genetic determinants of erythromycin resistance, such as , and . The current study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic erythromycin resistance profile and relatedness of recovered from bovine mastitis and humans in close contact.

Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients in Lahore, Pakistan.

Bacterial infections are among the major complications of many viral respiratory tract illnesses, such as influenza and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). These bacterial co-infections are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. The current observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan among COVID-19 patients with the status of oxygen dependency to see the prevalence of bacterial co-infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Effect of cell density on the biological titer and yield of 146S fraction of foot-and-mouth disease virus O in cell suspension.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease of cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals, causing huge economic losses annually worldwide. This disease is endemic in Pakistan where the serotypes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are A, O and ASIA-1. At present, trivalent FMDV vaccines are being used to prevent FMD but the current production process is laborious and is unable to fulfill the needs of the meat and dairy industries.