Non- Species: Occurrence in Infections in Hospitalized Patients, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance.

Background: species other than are becoming increasingly more important as opportunistic pathogens for humans. The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, species distribution, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and carbapenemase gene content of clinical non- () isolates that were collected as part of a sentinel surveillance program of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the performance of MALDI-TOF MS systems for the species-level identification of isolates.

Wettability effect on oil recovery using rock-structured microfluidics.

Surface wettability has a crucial impact on drop splashing, emulsion dynamics, slip flow for drag reduction, fluid-fluid displacement, and various microfluidic applications. Targeting enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications, we experimentally investigate the effect of matrix wettability on the invasion morphology and sweep efficiency of viscous oil displaced by different aqueous floods using microfluidics, whose porous network mimics a sandstone structure. For comparison, systematic experiments of the same oil-flood pair are done in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic microfluidic chips.

Molecular Epidemiology of -Positive and Isolates: Results from Russian Sentinel Surveillance (2013-2018).

Background: The dissemination of mobile colistin resistance () genes is a serious healthcare threat because polymyxins represent "last-line" therapeutics for multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of colistin resistance and genes and characteristics of clinical () and () isolates and plasmids carrying these genes in Russia.

Methods: A total of 4324 and 4530 collected in the frame of sentinel surveillance in 2013-2018 were tested for susceptibility to colistin and other antibiotics using the broth microdilution method.

Polymer-Based Hybrid Nanoarchitectures for Cancer Therapy Applications.

Globally, cancer is affecting societies and is becoming an important cause of death. Chemotherapy can be highly effective, but it is associated with certain problems, such as undesired targeting and multidrug resistance. The other advanced therapies, such as gene therapy and peptide therapy, do not prove to be effective without a proper delivery medium.

Presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) as a risk factor for the development of infectious and inflammatory complications in operated colorectal cancer patients.

Purpose: In this pilot study the dynamic of presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype, sCD14-ST) in blood serum was assessed as a possible risk factor for the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and infectious and inflammatory complications in operated colorectal cancer patients.

Methods: To determine sCD14-ST by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method venous blood was taken 1 hour before surgery and 72 hours after it (3rd day). The presence of SIRS and organ dysfunctions (ODs) according to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scale were assessed.

Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Nosocomial Strains of in Kazakhstan.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains in Kazakhstan and to characterize genotypes related to epidemic "high-risk" clones. Two hundred and twenty four isolates from four cities of Kazakhstan in 2011-2019 were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using broth microdilutions method according to EUCAST (v 11.

Structure of the K128 capsular polysaccharide produced by Acinetobacter baumannii KZ-1093 from Kazakhstan.

The structure of the K128 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) produced by Acinetobacter baumannii isolate KZ-1093 from Kazakhstan was established by sugar analysis and Smith degradation along with 1D and 2D H and C NMR spectroscopy. The CPS was found to consist of branched pentasaccharide repeating units containing only neutral sugars, and its composition and topology are closely related to those of the A. baumannii K116 CPS.

Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Colistin Nonsusceptible Nosocomial Strains from Russia for 2013-2014.

A high level of resistance to carbapenems in strains severely limits therapeutic possibilities. Colistin is the last resort drug against such strains, although the cases of resistance to this drug have become more frequent. This article presents the epidemiological features and genetic diversity of colistin nonsusceptible strains collected as part of a national multicenter epidemiological study of the antibiotic resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infections (MARATHON), which was conducted in 2013-2014 in Russia.

Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Drugs of Extreme-Resistant Strains Isolated in the Major Hospitals of Central Kazakhstan.

Aim: The article presents the current data on the sensitivity of the main 37 strains of eXtremaly Drugs Resistance (XDR) category to anti-pseudomonas drugs.

Material And Methods: The strains were collected during the prospective multicenter study in large multidisciplinary hospitals of Central Kazakhstan. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was carried out by disk method and the serial dilution method with the interpretation of the results according to EUCAST criteria.

Comparative assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/chronic hepatitis C co-infection in different ethnic groups.

Introduction: In recent years, the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection has increased, which is due to their common routes of transmission. HIV/chronic HCV co-infection aggravates the development of fibrosis and increases the risk of cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of liver elastometry in patients of different ethnic groups with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection.

[OUTPATIENT ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT FOR ACUTE TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS].

Unlabelled: One of the most significant problems in antimicrobial therapy (AMT) is widespread administration of antimicrobial agents without relevant medical conditions. The aim of the research was the analysis of antimicrobial agent prescribing practices for outpatient treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis at the Karaganda Polyclinic №1 and Polyclinic №2. The analysis of antimicrobial agents prescribing practices for outpatient treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis was conducted; medical records of outpatients with acute tonsillopharyngitis treated in 2014 at Polyclinics №1 and №2 were analyzed.

Determination of PFOR gene expression in strains of G. intestinalis with different inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole.

Introduction: Giardia intestinalis is the most important and common diarrhea-causing parasitic protozoa worldwide with growing clinical relevance in public health. There are many documented cases of G. intestinalis resistance to metronidazole (MZ).

Long-term dissemination of CTX-M-5-producing hypermutable Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.

In this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. The genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates belong to sequence type 328 (ST328) and produce CTX-M-5 β-lactamase, whose gene is carried by highly related non-self-conjugative but mobilizable plasmids.

Spread of extensively resistant VIM-2-positive ST235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia: a longitudinal epidemiological and clinical study.

Background: Multidrug-resistant and extensively-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are increasing therapeutic challenges worldwide. We did a longitudinal epidemiological and clinical study of extensively-drug-resistant P aeruginosa in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia.

Methods: The study was done in three prospectively defined phases: Jan 1, 2002-Dec 31, 2004; Jan 1, 2006-Dec 31, 2007; and Jan 1, 2008-Dec 31, 2010.

[Microecologic characteristic of intestine microbiocenosis of frequently ill children].

Aim: Study microecologic features of intestine microbiocenosis of frequently ill children.

Materials And Methods: Composition of intestine microbiocenosis of 86 children aged 3 - 7 years living in the city of Karaganda (Kazakhstan) by bacteriological method. A number of microecologic coefficients was calculated: species saturation index, consistency index, relative occurrence coefficient, modified Sanders dominance index, chi2 criteria, Jaccard similarity coefficient.

[Experimental study of the effects of impulse-electric discharge on chemotaxis and cytoadhesion of urinary infection pathogens].

The aim of the experimental study was to evaluate effects of impulse-electric discharge in liquid on chemotaxis and cytoadhesion of urinary infection pathogens. Chemotaxis was determined in respect to the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra of white mice by S. Likholetov's modified method.

[Electrostimulation therapy--a new method of preventing postoperative wound complications in abdominal surgery].

Experimental investigations have shown that chemotaxic activity of microorganisms in the parietal peritoneum and abdominal organ tissues is inhibited when they are treated with impulse electric discharges preventing the process of infecting the tissues. Results of the experiments underlay the development of a new method of prophylactics of postoperative complications in abdominal surgery based on the electroimpulsive treatment of the operation wound. Clinical approbation of the method showed its effectiveness, simplicity and safety.

[Role of oxidative stress as a component of critical states in the genesis of hemostatic disorders].

The effect of oxidative stress (OS) on hemostasis parameters was studied in model systems Fe(2+)-ascorbic acid-EDTA and Fe(2+)-EDTA-H2O2. Blood recalcification time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin index, the content of fibrinogen, antithrombin III, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes, platelet count and aggregation activity were evaluated. Parameters characterizing the severity of OS were measured: protein concentrations of carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups and level of malonic dialdehyde.

[The oxidative modification of blood plasma proteins in patients in critical states].

Current concepts on the formation and biological activity of activated oxygen forms (AOF) in humans are discussed. The main AOF types are produced as a result of consecutive single-electron recovery of molecular oxygen (O2) and are more reactive than O2. AOF are initially normal components of cellular metabolism with certain biological functions.

[Metabolic effects of intermittent hemofiltration in patients with acute renal failure].

Aim: Investigation of postaggressive reaction of metabolism on intermitten hemofiltration (IHF) in patients with acute renal failure (ARF). The speed of generation of urea, creatinine and oligopeptides was estimated in the course of (IHF) and in interval between the procedures. Hormonal stress was evaluated by concentration of hydrocortisone in plasma and and filtrate.

[Acid-soluble blood glycoproteins in patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis].

The levels of acid-soluble blood plasma glycoproteins (ABP) were compared in patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis and normal subjects. The content of protein and total carbohydrates in the ABP fraction of normal subjects was 0.68 +/- 0.

[Mechanisms of action of intravenous helium-neon laser irradiation in anesthesia].

Intravenous exposure to He-Ne laser was added to the anesthesiologic schemes of 26 patients during surgery on the intestine. The reference group consisted on 23 patients. Comparison of the blood antioxidant activities (from the levels of ceruloplasmin and transferrin) and the endogenic intoxication levels (from the medium molecule test) showed that intravenous laser exposure at a wavelength of 630 nm stabilized the blood antioxidant activity and prevented the development of endogenous intoxication.

[The concentration of end products of purine metabolism as possible signs of tissue hypoxia in critically ill surgical patients].

The study was performed on 26 critically ill patients with hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis and disseminated suppurative peritonitis. Central hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters have been determined in all the patients. To assess the degree of tissue hypoxia end products of ATP catabolism (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid) have been studied.

[Urea and creatinine kinetics during the continuous hemofiltration of patients with acute kidney failure].

Continuous hemofiltration (CHF) procedures (a total of 33 with overall duration 2495 hours and replacement of 2221 kg of fluid) were conducted in 23 patients (12 males and 11 females) aged 30.5 +/- 2.5 years suffering from severe acute renal failure (ARF).