The challenges of medical students in their internship : a qualitative study from Iran.

Background And Objectives: Medical students experience different types of challenges during their MD program, which become more challenging when it comes to the internship, putting too much pressure on them. This study aimed to explore the challenges of medical interns of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran.

Methods: In this qualitative research, which was conducted from September 2023 March 2024, medical interns of SUMS were selected using purposeful sampling method.

The role of maternal health beliefs in prevention of preschoolers' obesity.

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious global public health challenges of the 21 century, affecting every country in the world. Mothers' beliefs and perceptions about their children's obesity and overweight are key to obesity prevention. Given the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to determine perceptions and beliefs of mothers' nutritional behaviors related to overweight preschool children.

CB1 Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulators as a Potential Tool to Reverse Cannabinoid Toxicity.

While the opioid crisis has justifiably occupied news headlines, emergency rooms are seeing many thousands of visits for another cause: cannabinoid toxicity. This is partly due to the spread of cheap and extremely potent synthetic cannabinoids that can cause serious neurological and cardiovascular complications-and deaths-every year. While an opioid overdose can be reversed by naloxone, there is no analogous treatment for cannabis toxicity.

COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods.

The integrative multi-omics approach identifies the novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in colorectal cancer.

Circular RNAs (circRNA) are known to function as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in various cancers by regulating microRNAs (miRNA). However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the precise pathological role of circ000240/miRNA/mRNA remains indeterminate. The expression level of hsa_circ_000240 was evaluated using qRT-PCR in matching pairs of CRC tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples in our laboratory.

Simulating the mechanical stimulation of cells on a porous hydrogel scaffold using an FSI model to predict cell differentiation.

3D-structured hydrogel scaffolds are frequently used in tissue engineering applications as they can provide a supportive and biocompatible environment for the growth and regeneration of new tissue. Hydrogel scaffolds seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be mechanically stimulated in bioreactors to promote the formation of cartilage or bone tissue. Although and experiments are necessary to understand the biological response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimulation, methods are cost-effective and powerful approaches that can support these experimental investigations.

Non-coding RNAs/DNMT3B axis in human cancers: from pathogenesis to clinical significance.

Cancer is a complex disease with many contributing factors, and researchers have gained extensive knowledge that has helped them understand the diverse and varied nature of cancer. The altered patterns of DNA methylation found in numerous types of cancer imply that they may play a part in the disease's progression. The human cancer condition involves dysregulation of the DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B) gene, a prominent de novo DNA methyltransferase, and its abnormal behavior serves as an indicator for tumor prognosis and staging.

Dynamics of Self-Dual Kagome Metamaterials and the Emergence of Fragile Topology.

Recent years have seen the discovery of systems featuring fragile topological states. These states of matter lack certain protection attributes typically associated with topology and are therefore characterized by weaker signatures that make them elusive to observe. Moreover, they are typically confined to special symmetry classes and, in general, rarely studied in the context of phononic media.

Efficient Inhibition of Pathologic Angiogenesis using Combination Therapy of Anti-Epcam and Anti-VEGFR2 Nanobodies.

Background: EpCAM and VEGFR2 play an important role in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. It is currently of paramount importance to produce new drugs that can inhibit the angiogenesis and proliferation of tumor cells. Nanobodies are potential drug candidates for cancer therapy due to their unique properties.

Histological observations on aural fibrosarcoma in a Holstein cow.

Fibrosarcomas occur as a mesenchymal tumour of malignant fibroblasts in a collagen background and are usually found in the female genital organs and rarely involve the skin. A 5-year-old female Holstein cow with a raised mass at the base of right ear was referred. On gross examination, the mass was approximately 13.

Association Between Hospital Postoperative Troponin Use and Patient Outcomes After Vascular Surgery.

Background: Acute myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, which is most often symptomatically silent, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. However, it is not known if routine postoperative troponin testing will affect patient outcomes.

Methods: We assembled a cohort of patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in Ontario, Canada, from 2010 to 2017.

Troponin testing after noncardiac surgery: a population-based historical cohort study on variation and factors associated with testing in Ontario.

Background: International practice guidelines make different recommendations for postoperative troponin testing to detect perioperative myocardial infarction and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery. To gain insights into current testing patterns, we evaluated predictors of routine troponin testing after three commonly performed major noncardiac surgeries.

Methods: We conducted a population-based historical cohort study of adults having major orthopedic, colorectal, or vascular surgery in Ontario, Canada from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017.

Complicated Role of Exercise in Modulating Memory: A Discussion of the Mechanisms Involved.

Evidence has shown the beneficial effects of exercise on learning and memory. However, many studies have reported controversial results, indicating that exercise can impair learning and memory. In this article, we aimed to review basic studies reporting inconsistent complicated effects of exercise on memory in rodents.

Drought tolerance improvement in : an insight into "OMICS" approaches and genome editing.

(tomato) is an internationally acclaimed vegetable crop that is grown worldwide. However, drought stress is one of the most critical challenges for tomato production, and it is a crucial task for agricultural biotechnology to produce drought-resistant cultivars. Although breeders have done a lot of work on the tomato to boost quality and quantity of production and enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, conventional tomato breeding approaches have been limited to improving drought tolerance because of the intricacy of drought traits.

Adverse Fetal Outcomes and Maternal Mortality Following Nonobstetric Abdominopelvic Surgery in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To quantify the absolute risks of adverse fetal outcomes and maternal mortality following nonobstetric abdominopelvic surgery in pregnancy.

Summary Background Data: Surgery is often necessary in pregnancy, but absolute measures of risk required to guide perioperative management are lacking.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EvidenceBased Medicine Reviews from January 1, 2000, to December 9, 2020, for observational studies and randomized trials of pregnant patients undergoing nonobstetric abdominopelvic surgery.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and major cardiovascular events and acute kidney injury in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) are recommended for most patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is debate across guidelines as to which patients with CAD benefit the most from these agents. This study investigated the association between RAASIs and cardiovascular outcomes and acute kidney injury in a contemporary cohort of patients with CAD.

Troponin Testing After Noncardiac Surgery in Ontario: An Observational Study.

Background: In 2017, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) published guidelines recommending postoperative troponin surveillance in higher-risk patients having major noncardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of major noncardiac surgery patients that would meet recommendations for troponin testing and to assess the rates of troponin testing before guideline adoption.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients age 40 to 105 undergoing a subset of major noncardiac surgeries that included orthopedics, gynecology, general, urology, vascular, and thoracic surgeries in Ontario, Canada from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017.

Valorization of rare earth processing byproducts for agriculture usage.

Sandy texture soil, a major problem for agriculture requires structure and capacity improvements. However, utilization of soil conditioner may arrest this problem. This research was carried out to investigate the accumulated levels of metal ions and radionuclides in water, soil and plants following phosphogypsum organic (PG organic) added to a sandy soil for 23-month in 3 cropping seasons.

The orexin receptors in the ventral tegmental area are involved in the development of sensitization to expression of morphine-induced preference in rats.

Recent studies have shown that orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus send a compelling project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Besides, orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) in the VTA are necessary for the development of morphine-induced place preference. Also, sensitivity to morphine can reinforce the rewarding effects of morphine.

The cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low surgical risk patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Aims: The economic value of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in low surgical risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis is not known. Our objective was to determine the cost-effectiveness of balloon-expandable TAVR and self-expandable TAVR relative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low-risk patients.

Methods And Results: A fully probabilistic Markov cohort model was constructed to estimate differences in costs and effectiveness [quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)] over the patient's life-time time from the third-party payer's perspective.

Clinical Outcomes With Beta-Blocker Use in Patients With Recent History of Myocardial Infarction.

Background: It is uncertain whether beta-blockers (BBs) are beneficial in contemporary stable patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, we sought to examine the effectiveness of BB use in this population.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study with the use of administrative databases of patients ≥ 65 years of age, alive on April 1, 2012 (index date) with a hospital discharge diagnosis of MI within the previous 3 years.

Calibration and discrimination of the Framingham Risk Score and the Pooled Cohort Equations.

Background: Although accurate risk prediction is essential in guiding treatment decisions in primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the accuracy of the Framingham Risk Score (recommended by a Canadian guideline) and the Pooled Cohort Equations (recommended by US guidelines) has not been assessed in a large contemporary Canadian population. Our primary objective was to assess the calibration and discrimination of the Framingham Risk Score and Pooled Cohort Equations in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We conducted an observational study involving Ontario residents aged 40 to 79 years, without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, who underwent cholesterol testing and blood pressure measurement from Jan.

Epigenetic changes and their relationship to somaclonal variation: a need to monitor the micropropagation of plantation crops.

Chromatin modulation plays important roles in gene expression regulation and genome activities. In plants, epigenetic changes, including variations in histone modification and DNA methylation, are linked to alterations in gene expression. Despite the significance and potential of in vitro cell and tissue culture systems in fundamental research and marketable applications, these systems threaten the genetic and epigenetic networks of intact plant organs and tissues.

Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Readmission After Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Routinely Collected Clinical Data.

Background: The ability to predict readmission accurately after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is limited in current statistical models. Machine-learning (ML) methods have shown improved predictive ability in various clinical contexts, but their utility in predicting readmission after hospitalization for AMI is unknown.

Methods: Using detailed clinical information collected from patients hospitalized with AMI, we evaluated 6 ML algorithms (logistic regression, naïve Bayes, support vector machines, random forest, gradient boosting, and deep neural networks) to predict readmission within 30 days and 1 year of discharge.

Paracrine signals of mesenchymal stem cells induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells.

Aim: Given the high similarity of phenotypical and secretory properties of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts, this study investigated the possibility of inducing EMT process by mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Annually, more than 13% of deaths worldwide occur due to cancer. One of the main reasons for the high mortality rate is due to the metastasis of cancer stem cells.