Clinical pharmacokinetics of glipizide: a systematic review.

Introduction: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic drug widely used to treat non-insulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This systematic review extensively examines all reported pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of glipizide in healthy and diseased populations.

Areas Covered: A total of 31 articles were retrieved after screening various databases, i.

Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicardipine; a systematic review.

Introduction: Nicardipine is a type of calcium channel blocker that is commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, and related cardiovascular disorders. This systematic review assesses the reported pharmacokinetic (PK) and associated pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of nicardipine in humans.

Areas Covered: An exhaustive literature search using four internet databases was conducted up to 5 October 2023, which yielded 871 papers, of which 32 fulfilled the eligibility requirements by including human PK and related PD data.

Clinical and neuroradiological spectrum of biallelic variants in NOTCH3.

Background: NOTCH3 encodes a transmembrane receptor critical for vascular smooth muscle cell function. NOTCH3 variants are the leading cause of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). While monoallelic cysteine-involving missense variants in NOTCH3 are well-studied in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), patients with biallelic variants in NOTCH3 are extremely rare and not well characterised.

A Systematic Critical Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Torasemide.

Purpose: Torasemide is a potassium-sparing loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure and kidney and hepatic diseases. This systematic review was conducted to combine all accessible data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of torasemide in healthy and diseased populations, which may help clinicians avert adverse drug reactions and determine the correct dosage regimen.

Methods: Four databases were systematically searched to screen for studies associated with the PK of torasemide, and 21 studies met the eligibility criteria.

A systematic review on the clinical pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin in healthy and disease populations.

Introduction: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is indicated to cure type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic literature search aims to assess the current knowledge about the clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of vildagliptin to provide recommendations for clinical use to prevent the harmful effects of this drug.

Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases were screened for articles related to the clinical PK of vildagliptin using systematic search strategies.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of cefixime: a systematic review.

Cefixime is an antibiotic from the cephalosporin class used to treat various bacterial infections. The purpose of performing this review is to thoroughly evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cefiximeFive databases were systematically searched to identify studies on the PK of cefixime.A total of 38 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were included that provide data on concentration-time profiles or PK parameters such as peak plasma and serum concentration (), area under the curve (AUC), clearance (CL), and time to reach ().

Introduction of typhoid vaccine in the expanded immunization program of Pakistan.

Worldwide, typhoid infects 11-20 million people each year. In Pakistan, the first extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid was reported in 2016 resulting in an epidemic. To curb this battle of typhoid, the Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) of Pakistan requested Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) for financial assistance.

Bladder dysfunction and hypertension in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) causes acute motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. There is a relative paucity of published data regarding the autonomic features of GBS. The aims of this study were to describe the incidence, management and outcome of bladder dysfunction and hypertension in GBS and to ascertain whether these features relate to muscle weakness severity.

Complex regional pain syndrome involving the face following snowball injury.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a condition of unknown etiology characterized by autonomic, sensory, and motor disturbance. CRPS usually follows an injury in the affected limb, which is often trivial in nature. CRPS involving the facial region is rare, and there have been no previous descriptions in children.

Heterogeneity in spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1.

Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder linked to mutations in the immunoglobulin mu-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) gene on chromosome 11q13-q21. Most infants with SMARD1 present between six weeks and six months of age with respiratory distress secondary to diaphragmatic weakness and progressive distal weakness. Sensory and autonomic dysfunctions sometimes accompany the motor weakness.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in conjunction with inflammatory bowel disease.

Neurological complications in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are rare. Most previous reports involve cerebral venous thrombosis, central nervous system vasculitis, or peripheral nerve inflammation. We report a child with active inflammatory bowel disease complicated by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

Identification and characterization of an inborn error of metabolism caused by dihydrofolate reductase deficiency.

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a critical enzyme in folate metabolism and an important target of antineoplastic, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory drugs. We describe three individuals from two families with a recessive inborn error of metabolism, characterized by megaloblastic anemia and/or pancytopenia, severe cerebral folate deficiency, and cerebral tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency due to a germline missense mutation in DHFR, resulting in profound enzyme deficiency. We show that cerebral folate levels, anemia, and pancytopenia of DHFR deficiency can be corrected by treatment with folinic acid.