Thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials: innovative design and advanced application in biomedicine, catalysis and electronics.

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) materials have emerged as a revolutionary class of functional compounds, driven by their unique ability to utilize excitons from both singlet and triplet states for efficient fluorescence emission. This manuscript provides an overview of recent innovations in TADF material design, focusing on molecular strategies to achieve optimal TADF properties, including small singlet-triplet energy gaps (Δ ) and high photoluminescence quantum yields. We explore the diverse applications of TADF materials, spanning OLEDs, biomedical imaging, photosensitizers, photocatalysis, UV photodetectors (UVOPDs), electrogenerated chemiluminescence, triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) sensitizers, organic hybrid microwire radial heterojunctions, multicolor luminescent micelles, mechano-luminescence (ML), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs), and fluorescent probes.

Potential of roughening geometric elements as bridge pier local scour countermeasures.

The safety of bridges can be endangered by sediment erosion occurring around bridge piers. To mitigate this issue, this study examined the use of different roughening geometric elements (RGEs) on the upstream surface of bridge piers. Keeping the clear-water conditions, laboratory experiments were conducted using five RGEs and their one-to-one ten combinations, along with two square pier dimensions, and three separate flow water depths.

Molecular characterization of colorectal cancer (CRC) using next generation sequencing (NGS) in bridging the gap between research and clinical practice: from biomarker discovery to clinical implementation.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in men and third in females, a heterogeneous disease involving multistep mechanisms that represents 10% of all cancers globally. This study investigates gene mutation profiling in CRC using Next-Generation sequencing machine.

Method: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 30 CRC patients were retrieved and reviewed.

Impact of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Monotherapy in Acute Stroke Management: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluates the comparative efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus monotherapy in the management of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Six studies, published between 2019 and 2024, were included, focusing on patient outcomes such as stroke recurrence, functional recovery, and safety measures. The findings consistently demonstrated that DAPT, particularly combinations like aspirin with clopidogrel or cilostazol, significantly reduced stroke recurrence and improved functional outcomes as compared to monotherapy, without a notable increase in major bleeding risk.

Associations of Plasma Neurofilament Light Levels With Brain Microstructure and Macrostructure and Cognition in the Community-Based Rhineland Study.

Background And Objectives: Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) level is a sensitive yet aspecific marker of neurodegeneration. Its neuroanatomical and functional correlates in the general population are not fully elucidated. We thus assessed how brain's macrostructures and microstructures and cognitive function are related to plasma NfL levels in cognitively unimpaired adults over a wide age range.

Rice bran as a potent ingredient: unveiling its potential for value-added applications.

Rice bran production significantly contributes to global environmental deterioration, yet its potential remains underutilized. This review discusses the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, health benefits, limitations, and potential application of rice bran in both food and non-food sectors. While minor variations exist between pigmented and non-pigmented rice bran, the former is abundant in phytochemicals, which offer therapeutic benefits.

Advances in Coordination Chemistry of Schiff Base Complexes: A Journey from Nanoarchitectonic Design to Biomedical Applications.

Since the discovery of Schiff bases over one and a half centuries ago, there has been tremendous research activity in the design of various Schiff bases and examination of their diverse structures and versatile applications. This family of compounds has continued to captivate many research groups due to the simplicity of their synthesis through the condensation of amines with carbonyl compounds. While conventional synthesis has been the most widely used, green synthetic methodologies have been also explored for this reaction, including sonication, microwave-assisted, natural acid-catalyzed and mechanochemical syntheses as well as utilizing ionic liquid solvents or deep eutectic solvents.

Effect of formulation composition on trastuzumab stability.

For monoclonal antibody drug products as for other biologics, while the innovator drug products first becomes commercially available, they are often followed by one or more biosimilar products. These biosimilars often differ from the innovator product, as well as from each other, in their formulation composition. However, the impact of the formulation composition on the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient subjected to different 'stresses' is still not understood.

Challenges with effective removal of surfactants from monoclonal antibody formulations.

Buffer exchange is a critical step in biologics development, playing a pivotal role in removing contaminants, adjusting sample conditions, and facilitating compatibility studies. The efficiency of centrifugal concentrators for polysorbate removal was compared to a two-step approach involving a surfactant removal column followed by buffer exchange. Trastuzumab-pkrb from Herzuma® was used.

Hypothalamic volume is associated with age, sex and cognitive function across lifespan: a comparative analysis of two large population-based cohort studies.

Background: Emerging findings indicate that the hypothalamus, the body's principal homeostatic centre, plays a crucial role in modulating cognition, but comprehensive population-based studies are lacking.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Rhineland Study (N = 5812, 55.2 ± 13.

Cellular and molecular aspects of drug resistance in cancers.

Objectives: Cancer drug resistance is a multifaceted phenomenon. The present review article aims to comprehensively analyze the cellular and molecular aspects of drug resistance in cancer and the strategies employed to overcome it.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using appropriate key words.

FastSurfer-HypVINN: Automated sub-segmentation of the hypothalamus and adjacent structures on high-resolutional brain MRI.

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of a broad range of physiological, behavioral, and cognitive functions. However, despite its importance, only a few small-scale neuroimaging studies have investigated its substructures, likely due to the lack of fully automated segmentation tools to address scalability and reproducibility issues of manual segmentation. While the only previous attempt to automatically sub-segment the hypothalamus with a neural network showed promise for 1.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour presenting as pathological fracture of proximal femur in neurofibromatosis type-1: a case report with brief literature search.

Neurofibromas, in association with NF-1, can undergo a malignant transformation, giving rise to Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs), a relatively rare entity. Clinically, it presents with non-specific symptoms like pain and numbness, distinguishing it from other nerve lesions difficult. There is a lack of data on the occurrence of MPNST in NF-1 in children and adults, and distant metastasis to the brain and bones is reported only in a few cases.

Blood-derived microRNAs are related to cognitive domains in the general population.

Introduction: Blood-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential candidates for detecting and preventing subclinical cognitive dysfunction. However, replication of previous findings and identification of novel miRNAs associated with cognitive domains, including their relation to brain structure and the pathways they regulate, are still lacking.

Methods: We examined blood-derived miRNAs and miRNA co-expression clusters in relation to cognitive domains, structural magnetic resonance imaging measures, target gene expression, and genetic variants in 2869 participants of a population-based cohort.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Genetic Risk: A Population-based Study.

Purpose: Specific genetic factors might serve as markers for risk stratification of AMD progression, but their association with key features of AMD has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated the association between overall and pathway-specific genetic risk scores (GRS) and lead loci () with AMD stages and features of high-risk nonlate AMD, including reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and large drusen area (LDA).

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Rhineland Study, a population-based study in Bonn, Germany.

National Trends for Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support Utilization in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock From Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure: Incidence, Predictors, Outcomes, and Cost.

Background: Trends in temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) use with associated outcomes and cost in cardiogenic shock secondary to decompensated chronic heart failure (HF-CS) remains poorly understood. We describe trends in tMCS use, associated outcomes, and cost in HF-CS.

Methods: We included adults enrolled in a national insurance claims dataset with HF-CS who received intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), Impella, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without acute coronary syndrome, or postcardiotomy shock.

Peripheral whole blood microRNA expression in relation to vascular function: a population-based study.

Background: As key regulators of gene expression, microRNAs affect many cardiovascular mechanisms and have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation of whole blood microRNAs with several quantitative measurements of vascular function, and explore their biological role through an integrative microRNA-gene expression analysis.

Methods: Peripheral whole blood microRNA expression was assessed through RNA-Seq in 2606 participants (45.

Giardia lamblia Immunoassay: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Immunoassays are important tools in diagnosing giardiasis, though there are several controversies inherent in the existing methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the pooled diagnostic accuracy of immunoassays in detecting the gastrointestinal disease-causing parasite Giardia lamblia. Our comprehensive search, which included PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 2000 up until 2023, resulted in 34 studies reporting the performance of 24 different immunoassays.