Evaluation of the osteogenic effect of apigenin on human mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting inflammation through modulation of NF-κB/IκBα.

Background And Purpose: Apigenin has stimulatory effects on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as well as anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in inflammatory conditions treated with apigenin focusing on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-кB), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathways.

Experimental Approach: Along with osteogenic differentiation of the hMSCs, they became inflamed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/palmitic acid (PA) and treated with apigenin.

Protocol Adherence in Prehospital Medical Care Provided for Patients with Chest Pain and Loss of Consciousness; a Brief Report.

Introduction: Although many protocols are available in the field of the prehospital medical care (PMC), there is still a notable gap between protocol based directions and applied clinical practice. This study measures the rate of protocol adherence in PMC provided for patients with chest pain and loss of consciousness (LOC).

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 10 educated research assistants audited the situation of provided PMC for non-traumatic chest pain and LOC patients, presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary level teaching hospital, compare to national recommendations in these regards.