Fetal macrosomia, fetal insulin, and insulin-like growth factor- 1 among neonates in Lagos, Nigeria: A case-control study.

Purpose: Fetal macrosomia is associated with perinatal injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between fetal insulin, insulin-like Growth factor-1(IGF-1), and macrosomia in a resource-limited setting.

Method: This was a case-control study at tertiary and secondary health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria.

Clinical Significance of Elevated Levels of Cardiac Troponin T in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos.

Background: This is an observational study of pre-dialysis patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) attending nephrology clinic at Lagos University Teaching Hospital to determine the clinical significance of elevated levels of Cardiac Troponin T (CTT) and possible associated factors.

Methods: One hundred and forty-three (143) patients with CKD and no prior history of myocardial infarction were recruited and their serum levels of CTT were determined within 3 months of sample collection and storage at -80° C. ECG findings and clinical variables were compared.

Angiotensin receptor blockade with Losartan attenuates pressor response to handgrip contraction and enhances natriuresis in salt loaded hypertensive subjects: a quasi-experimental study among Nigerian adults.

Introduction: Sympathetic and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone systems play crucial roles in blood pressure response to increased salt intake. This study investigated the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and sympathetic excitation on the responses of blood pressure (BP) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in salt loaded normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) Nigerian subjects.

Methods: 16 NT and 14 HT participants, that were age-matched [39.

Relationship between plasma osteocalcin, glycaemic control and components of metabolic syndrome in adult Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To determine the levels of plasma osteocalcin (OC) in Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and compare these to levels in non-diabetic controls (NDM). To assess the relationship of OC to glycaemic control and parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and compare its levels in Nigerians with and without MetS.

Methods: The waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure of 200 study participants were taken.

Risk factors and assessment for cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive patients attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in HIV-positive patients which places them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine the risk factors and risk assessment for CVD in HIV-positive patients with and without antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of HIV-positive patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance among obese Nigerian women.

Background: Leptin is a hormone produced directly from adipocytes and has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan Africa, serum leptin can be explored as a predictive risk factor for T2DM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum leptin and IR among obese women.

Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism in Pre-Eclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder associated with high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The cause of the disorder is largely unknown and its pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Calcium and magnesium are divalent ions which may have roles to play in the manifestations of the disease.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with type 2 diabetes at the Lagos University Tteaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Over the past decade, Lagos state has witnessed greater industrialization and increased economic prosperity. Lifestyle has become increasingly westernized, characterised by intake of excesscalories and physical inactivity. It is possible that these changes would lead to increases in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes which are known cardiovascular risk factors.

The relationship between microalbuminuria, cardiovascular risk factors and disease management in type 2 diabetes.

Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria is an early clinical sign suggestive of vascular damage to the glomerulus. Microalbuminuria has also been currently reported as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and becomes relevant in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: This study is to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria, identify the risk factors associated with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes, and to asses the achievement of treatment goals for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetics.

Relationship between salt intake, salt-taste threshold and blood pressure in Nigerians.

Background: Many studies have found an association between sodium intake and blood pressure. Salt taste threshold is thought to be another marker of sodium intake.

Objective: This study sought to assess two markers of sodium intake, 24-hour-urinary sodium and salt-taste threshold.

Salt-sensitivity in normotensive and hypertensive Nigerians.

Background: Salt-sensitivity increases the risk for the development of high blood pressure in susceptible persons and also increases the risk for cardiovascular events and mortality.

Objective: The study is to determine the pattern of salt-sensitivity among normotensive and hypertensive Nigerians.

Methods: Twenty-eight (28) hypertensive subjects (HT) and twenty-five (25) age-matched normotensive controls (NT) were given 200 mmol/day salt as sodium chloride for 5 days after control parameters had been determined.

Osteocalcin and specific markers of bone resorption in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease commonly causes avascular necrosis of bone. Plain radiographs are not useful if obtained early in the disease. Radionuclide scans do not appear to increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis.

Biochemical markers, extracellular components in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are common sequelae to diverse liver injuries in the tropics or Nigeria. The development of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis is due to increased synthesis, deposition, and possibly reduced degradation of hepatic extracellular matrix components, especially collagens, such as interstitial type I and III, basement membrane type IV, microfibrillar type VI, and pericellular type V, non-collagenous proteins, such as laminin, fibronectin, undulin, etc., and various types of proteoglycans, such as hyaluronan, etc.

Osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in sickle cell haemoglobinopathies.

Osteocalcin or bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) protein and Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-AP) total protein levels were evaluated as indicators of bone turnover in twenty patients with sickle cell haemoglobinopathies and in twenty normal healthy individuals. The serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase total protein level was measured by immunoradiometric (IRMA) method. The concentrations of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase total protein were higher in the study group than in the control group [P < 0.

Body proportions in three Nigerian tribes.

Prediction equations of body composition based on measurements of whole-body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been found to be population-specific. It was hypothesised that this may be, in part, due to differences in proportional limb lengths between ethnic or racial groups. As a preliminary to a survey of body composition in urban Nigerians using BIA, the relative limb lengths of the three major tribal groups (Hausa, Yoruba and Ibo) were determined.