Factors Associated With Complementary Feeding Practices in Afghanistan: Analysis of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022-2023.

Children between the ages of 6 and 23 months require the age-appropriate introduction of complementary foods alongside breastfeeding to meet their nutritional needs, but in humanitarian settings children frequently do not receive appropriate diets. Using data from 9193 children aged 6-23 months in the Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022-2023, this paper provides nationally representative estimates of the percentage of children meeting key IYCF indicators and assesses the child, maternal and household determinants of receiving minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) using multivariable logistic regression. Results showed that 85%, 65% and 93% of children were not fed a diet that met MDD, MMF or MAD criteria, respectively.

A Comprehensive Review of the Biological Activities of Medicinal Metal Complexes Synthesized From Quinoline Scaffolds.

The compelling attributes of quinoline scaffolds in medicinal compounds have garnered considerable attention from researchers, due to their notable biological efficacy, biocompatibility, and distinctive photophysical properties. Quinoline complexes, in particular, have emerged as significant entities, demonstrating a wide array of medicinal properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anthelmintic, anti-HIV, antioxidant, antituberculosis, and antimalarial activities. In addition, they showed promise in photodynamic and neurological studies, along with strong DNA-binding capabilities.

Potential distribution theory of alchemical transfer.

We present an analytical description of the Alchemical Transfer Method (ATM) for molecular binding using the Potential Distribution Theory (PDT) formalism. ATM models the binding free energy by mapping the bound and unbound states of the complex by translating the ligand coordinates. PDT relates the free energy and the probability densities of the perturbation energy along the alchemical path to the probability density at the initial state, which is the unbound state of the complex in the case of a binding process.

Enhanced capsule neural network with advanced triangulation topology aggregation optimizer for music genre classification.

Music genres classification poses a formidable challenge as it necessitates capturing the intricate and varied characteristics of musical signals. In this study, an innovative approach is presented to classify the music genres using the Capsule Neural Network (CapsNet). The CapsNet model optimized by an advanced version of Triangulation Topology Aggregation Optimizer (ATTAO).

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with a higher proportion of asymptomatic infections and lower mortality in sub-Saharan Africa than high-income countries. However, there is currently a lack of data on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in Africa compared with people in high-income regions of the world. We aimed to assess geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal immune responses.

Expression of miR-155 and CEA and VEGF Proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Early Stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Peripheral Blood.

Background: Cancer is a disease caused by manifestation and abnormal gene expression. Many of the genes that inhibit cancer by the microRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate the Expression of miR155 gene and CEA and VEGF proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Early Stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

Accessibility of Special Care Dentistry Across Countries: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: People with special care needs often face significant barriers in accessing dental care due to physical and cognitive limitations, leading to high rates of dental issues like caries. Despite the growing recognition of these challenges, unmet dental care needs remain prevalent. This review aims to explore the global landscape of special care dentistry to identify gaps and opportunities for improving dental services for this population.

Preferences and expectations of end-users from a mental health educational portal: A qualitative study.

Background: Digital technologies play an essential role in health systems by providing new solutions to reduce the burden of mental illnesses and disorders. However, in many cases, user preferences and expectations are not considered in the design of portals. This study aims to explore the preferences and expectations of end-users from the features and capabilities of mental health educational portals.

Binding Selectivity Analysis from Alchemical Receptor Hopping and Swapping Free Energy Calculations.

We present receptor hopping and receptor swapping free energy estimation protocols based on the Alchemical Transfer Method (ATM) to model the binding selectivity of a set of ligands to two arbitrary receptors. The receptor hopping protocol, where a ligand is alchemically transferred from one receptor to another in one simulation, directly yields the ligand's binding selectivity free energy (BSFE) for the two receptors, which is the difference between the two individual binding free energies. In the receptor swapping protocol, the first ligand of a pair is transferred from one receptor to another while the second ligand is simultaneously transferred in the opposite direction.

Access to urban community mental health services: does geographical distance play a role?

Purpose: Mental health challenges are a pressing concern in Australia, which account for a significant portion of the disease burden and economic costs, yet a substantial number of those affected do not utilise necessary professional support. This study evaluates distance decay effect on adults' community mental health services in North Metropolitan Western Australia and explores factors influencing service use.

Methods: Data were extracted from the Mental Health Information Data Collections including the records of consumers receiving face-to-face services from the Community Mental Health Clinics in the North Metro Health Service during March 2022 to March 2023.

Multi-model hydrological reference dataset over continental Europe and an African basin.

Although Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) have been widely adopted as important metrics for guiding scientific and policy decisions, the Earth Observation (EO) and Land Surface and Hydrologic Model (LSM/HM) communities have yet to treat terrestrial ECVs in an integrated manner. To develop consistent terrestrial ECVs at regional and continental scales, greater collaboration between EO and LSM/HM communities is needed. An essential first step is assessing the LSM/HM simulation uncertainty.

Evaluation of specific chicken IgY antibody value developing diagnostic capture antibody ELISA kit against Foot and Mouth disease.

The most preferred method for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viral antigen and identification of viral serotype is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic tests with high sensitivity are necessary both to distinguish infected vaccinated animals and execute disease control programs for the identification of the carrier animals. The current strategies for the detection of FMD virus are mainly based on the capture antibody (sandwich) ELISA test.

Evaluation of the Effect of Embryo Transfer Methods on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Study and Future Perspectives.

Background: Trans-abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) are used for embryo transfer. However, few studies were conducted to compare the methods and assess their effect on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran, analyzing 506 ICSI cycles with fresh embryo transfer.

The Impact of Social Media in Afghanistan: A Multi-Disciplinary Study.

Background: The rapid growth of social media has profoundly transformed communication, community building, and information sharing worldwide. In Afghanistan, the proliferation of social media platforms has significantly impacted the social, cultural, and political landscape, particularly among the youth.

Objective: This multi-disciplinary study aims to explore the diverse effects of social media on Afghan youth, focusing on usage patterns, mental health implications, entertainment-driven time allocation, financial expenditures, exposure to explicit content, and academic performance.

Efficacy and Safety of a DOAC Compared to Unfractionated Heparin and A Low Molecular Weight Heparin in the Prevention of Thromboembolism in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients are at risk of thromboembolic events, making thromboprophylaxis crucial.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor (DOAC), with dalteparin and unfractionated heparin for thromboprophylaxis in HSCT recipients. The safety outcome included the assessment of hemorrhagic events.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Programs in the United States.

Background: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) regimens typically prioritize ease of antimicrobial administration, tolerability, safety, and accessibility over using the narrowest-spectrum antimicrobial. In light of this, OPAT providers often utilize different techniques to promote antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in their OPAT programs. This study aims to characterize the AMS practices of OPAT programs across the United States that might meet The Joint Commission requirements for outpatient AMS metrics.

Uncovering the knowledge gap: A web-based survey of healthcare providers' understanding and management of dengue fever in East Azerbaijan, Iran.

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is increasingly recognized as one of the world's major mosquito-borne diseases and causes significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Appropriate and timely diagnosis and risk stratification for severe disease are crucial in the appropriate management of this illness. Healthcare providers (HCPs) play a key role in dengue fever diagnosis, management and prevention.

Deciphering the Role of Exosomal Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Tumors; an Updated Review.

One of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide today is gastric intestinal (GI) tumors. To guarantee their lives, people with a developed GI require palliative care. This covers the application of targeted medicines in addition to chemotherapy treatments including cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and pemetrexed.

Potentiation of the axis involving pentose phosphate pathway/NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species drives higher IL-10 production in monocytes of Sub-Saharan Africans.

Cellular metabolism is a key determinant of immune cell function. Here we found that CD14 monocytes from Sub-Saharan Africans produce higher levels of IL-10 following TLR-4 stimulation and are bioenergetically distinct from monocytes from Europeans. Through metabolomic profiling, we identified the higher IL-10 production to be driven by increased baseline production of NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species, supported by enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity.

Compared to Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant, Montanide ISA 206 VG Induces a Higher and More Durable Neutralizing Antibody Response against FMDV in Goats.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has a high prevalence in cloven-hoofed animals. It is also highly contagious and remains a serious threat to livestock worldwide. Despite the widespread vaccination program in Iran, outbreaks of FMD continue to occur.

Sleep-Related Hallucinations.

The diagnostic category of sleep-related hallucinations (SRH) replaces the previous category of Terrifying Hypnagogic Hallucinations in the 2001 edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorders-R. Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (HHH) that occur in the absence of other symptoms or disorder and, within the limits of normal sleep, are most likely non-pathological. By contrast, complex nocturnal visual hallucinations (CNVH) may reflect a dimension of psychopathology reflecting different combinations of etiologic influences.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and associated reasons among Iranian primary healthcare workers: a mixed method study.

Background: Different mental disorders may be associated with many work-related factors to which primary health care workers (PHCWs) are exposed. The current research aims to measure the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PHCWs, and their associated causes in primary health care (PHC) settings.

Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed in this research from January 2021 to January 2022 in Tabriz, Iran's PHC centers.

Biomaterial engineering for cell transplantation.

The current paradigm of medicine is mostly designed to block or prevent pathological events. Once the disease-led tissue damage occurs, the limited endogenous regeneration may lead to depletion or loss of function for cells in the tissues. Cell therapy is rapidly evolving and influencing the field of medicine, where in some instances attempts to address cell loss in the body.

Microplastic accumulation in sewer sediments and its potential entering the environment via combined sewer overflows: a study case in Paris.

During wet weather events, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) transfer large amount of particulate matter and associated pollutants into surrounding water bodies, thereby deteriorating the recipients' ecological health. Resuspension of sewer sediments during these events contributes significantly to pollution level of these discharges. However, how much this in-sewer process contributes to CSOs' quality regarding microplastic (MP) pollution is little known.