Mortality and Morbidity in Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease.

Importance: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there are few large studies enrolling individuals from multiple endemic countries.

Objective: To assess the risk and predictors of major patient-important clinical outcomes in patients with clinical RHD.

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Presentation, Diagnosis, Management and Factors Impacting Clinical Outcome in a Tertiary Cardiac Centre in Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate the presentation, diagnosis, management and outcome of acute pulmonary embolism for assessing the factors impacting mortality in such patients.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from July 2015 to July 2018.

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio: APrognostic Marker in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: To investigate if neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts in-hospital adverse events and mortality, and shortterm (30-day) mortality in ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients thrombolysed with streptokinase (SK).

Study Design: An observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, from June 2014 till January 2015.

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in a Pakistani Cohort.

Objective: To describe the demographics, risk factors, and clinical presentation in Pakistani patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Study Design: A descriptive observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, from June 2014 to June 2015.

Hyperdominant Left Anterior Descending Artery: ARare Coronary Artery Anomaly.

The posterior descending artery supplying the posterior one-third of the inter ventricular septum usually arise from the right coronary artery (RCA) or the left circumflex artery (LCx). Posterior descending artery arising from the left anterior descending artery is a rare anomaly. A66-year man presented with chest pain, ECG changes, and raised biomarkers.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Under Cover of Left Ventricular Assist Device (Impella 2.5).

Impella 2.5 is a temporary left ventricular assist device that is being increasingly used in high risk Percutaneous Coronary intervention (PCI). It reduces the cardiac workload and provides assistance to myocardium and vital organs in states of severe left ventricular dysfunction and cardiogenic shock.

Clinical Safety and Parameters of Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO₂Max) Testing in Pakistani Patients With Heart Failure.

Objective: To determine the parameters of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in a Pakistani systolic heart failure cohort and its safety in a clinical setting.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from June 2011 to January 2013.

Description and follow-up of patients with coronary perforations during percutaneous coronary interventions at AFIC-NIHD.

This study was conducted to determine the frequency and describe the lesion characteristics, clinical factors, device responsible and outcomes for coronary perforations at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology - National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC -NIHD) on all patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) from 2007 to May 2012. A total of 13,366 PCI procedures were performed during this period; coronary perforation occurred in 16 cases (0.001%).

Superior vena cava thrombosis with peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy.

A 30 years multiparous female with history of emergency caesarean section 10 days back was referred to us with cough, severe breathlessness at rest, orthopnea with pain in neck and arms. Clinical examination revealed signs of heart failure. Echocardiography showed ejection fraction of 15%, with no right ventricular strain.

Trans-radial primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Objective: To study the effect of trans-radial approach (TRA) on achievement of a door-to-balloon time (DBT) of ² 90 minutes in primary PCI percutaneous Coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Study Design: Case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology - National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC -NIHD), Rawalpindi, from October 2011 to August 2012.

Frequency of risk factors in male patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Objective: To determine the frequency of risk factors in male patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from October 2007 to September 2008.

Total cardiovascular risk approach to improve efficiency of cardiovascular prevention in resource constrain settings.

Objectives: To determine the population distribution of cardiovascular risk in eight low- and middle-income countries and compare the cost of drug treatment based on cardiovascular risk (cardiovascular risk thresholds ≥ 30%/≥ 40%) with single risk factor cutoff levels.

Study Design And Setting: Using World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society of Hypertension risk prediction charts, cardiovascular risk was categorized in a cross-sectional study of 8,625 randomly selected people aged 40-80 years (mean age, 54.6 years) from defined geographic regions of Nigeria, Iran, China, Pakistan, Georgia, Nepal, Cuba, and Sri Lanka.

Clinical profile of patients presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Objective: To identify risk factors and clinical profile of the patients presenting with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out from April to September 2005. The 300 consecutive patients presenting with typical electrocardiographic changes of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction to the Emergency Department of our hospital were recruited in the study.

Outcome of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation as a non-pharmacological therapy for idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia.

Objective: To determine the outcome of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) as a non-pharmacological curative therapy for idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and to identify procedure-related complications.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from February 2001 to October 2008.

Predictors of fatal outcome in acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the most common life threatening diagnoses in emergency hospital admissions. Most of the complications occur during the first few hours while the patients are likely to be in the hospital. Although the mortality rate after admission for myocardial infarction has declined significantly over the last two decades but it still remains high.

Myocardial damage in successful single vessel coronary angioplasty as assessed by creatinine kinase and its myocardium band isoenzyme levels.

Objective: To determine the frequency of myocardial damage in elective, successful, single vessel percutaneous coronary angioplasty by assessing myocardial band (MB), creatinine kinase levels and to find out the association of common modifiable risk factors with myocardial damage in patients undergoing single vessel coronary angioplasty.

Study Design: Descriptive.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology / National Institute of Heart Disease, Rawalpindi, from September 2006 to September 2007.