Implementing primary eye care in private practises in Malaysia: the challenges faced by optometrists.

Objective: In Malaysia, optometrists' role in the private sector is limited compared to their counterparts elsewhere. Primary eye care (PEC) is still not widely offered in private practises despite its demand to reduce the public's eye morbidity. This study aims to explore the challenges perceived by the private sector optometrists in implementing PEC in Malaysia.

Influence of refractive condition on retinal vasculature complexity in younger subjects.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the retinal vasculature complexity between emmetropia, and myopia in younger subjects.

Methods: A total of 82 patients (24.12 ± 1.

Supervised retinal biometrics in different lighting conditions.

Retinal image has been considered for number of health and biometrics applications. However, the reliability of these has not been investigated thoroughly. The variation observed in retina scans taken at different times is attributable to differences in illumination and positioning of the camera.

Automatic retinal vessel profiling using multi-step regression method.

Caliber of the retinal blood vessel is widely used for risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Accurate and automatic caliber measurement requires a precise model to be made for the vessel profile. In this paper, we present a new approach for retinal vessel profiling in which the background noise, uneven illuminations and specular reflections have all been considered.

Robust methodology for fractal analysis of the retinal vasculature.

We have developed a robust method to perform retinal vascular fractal analysis from digital retina images. The technique preprocesses the green channel retina images with Gabor wavelet transforms to enhance the retinal images. Fourier Fractal dimension is computed on these preprocessed images and does not require any segmentation of the vessels.

Age-related rarefaction in the fractal dimension of retinal vessel.

Previous work suggests a general reduction in complexity with aging, referred to as the aging-complexity theory. Fractal dimension (FD) of the vessels in the retina is a global measure of the complexity of the vasculature. However, earlier works did not find any correlation between aging and FD of the retinal vasculature, in contrast to the findings of reduced complexity in other parts of the body.