Analyzing HIV/AIDS dynamics with a novel Caputo-Fabrizio fractional order model and optimal control measures.

In this manuscript, we present a novel mathematical model for understanding the dynamics of HIV/AIDS and analyzing optimal control strategies. To capture the disease dynamics, we propose a new Caputo-Fabrizio fractional-order mathematical model denoted as SEIEUPIATR, where the exposed class is subdivided into two categories: exposed-identified EI and exposed-unidentified EU individuals. Exposed-identified individuals become aware of the disease within three days, while exposed-unidentified individuals remain unaware for more than three days.

Perforator-based local flaps for cutaneous facial reconstruction.

Background: Despite the advancement of reconstructive surgical techniques, facial defect reconstruction has been always very challenging, aesthetic satisfaction has often been difficult to achieve due to the unique characteristics and complexity of the facial tissue. There have been various options regarding reconstruction and compensation of soft tissue loss all over the body rather than the face. Regardless of whether skin grafts, local flaps, and free flaps were used in the reconstruction process, each of them has its limitations.

Co-exposure to tire wear particles and nickel inhibits mung bean yield by reducing nutrient uptake.

Soil and terrestrial contamination with microplastics and nanoplastics has been discussed extensively, while tire wear particles (TWPs) have been largely overlooked. We investigated the root-surface interactions and growth response of mung bean ( L.) plants exposed to tire wear particles (TWPs) (0.

Comparative Study between Gluteal Artery Perforator Flaps and Local Fasciocutaneous Flaps in Reconstruction of Gluteal Pressure Ulcers.

Background: Gluteal pressure ulcers are a common problem, associated with great morbidity and cost, and their surgical treatment includes debridement with complete bursectomy, followed by soft tissue coverage. Gluteal artery perforator flaps and gluteal fasciocutaneous flaps are commonly preferred for reconstruction because they preserve the gluteal muscle, allowing for revision in recurrent cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between these two flaps in the reconstruction of gluteal pressure ulcers regarding operative time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and recurrence.

A Comprehensive Multispectroscopic and Computational Analysis of the Interaction between Plant-Based Antiplasmodial Compounds and Bovine Serum Albumin.

This study was conducted to explore the interaction between two plant-based antiplasmodial compounds, gartanin and friedelin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The objectives aimed to elucidate the binding characteristics, structural changes, and thermodynamic parameters associated with the interaction. Various methods were used including UV-vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

A Case of Metastatic Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma Masked Under Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: A Diagnostic Challenge.

The ampulla of Vater is a small opening located at the point where bile and pancreatic ducts join and empty their secretions into the small intestine. Ampullary cancers are rare but aggressive malignancies that can present with symptoms similar to those of acute pancreatitis, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and obstructive jaundice. Clinicians must rely on a combination of blood tests, imaging, and biopsies to diagnose ampullary cancer, which may be a hidden cause of acute pancreatitis.

Comparative investigation on interaction between potent antimalarials and human serum albumin using multispectroscopic and computational approaches.

This study performed a comparative investigation to explore the interaction mechanisms between two potential antimalarial compounds, JMI 346 and JMI 105, and human serum albumin (HSA), a vital carrier protein responsible for maintaining important biological functions. Our aim was to assess the pharmacological efficiency of these compounds while comprehensively analyzing their impact on the dynamic behavior and overall stability of the protein. A comprehensive array of multispectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis.

Recent Updates on Interaction Studies and Drug Delivery of Antimalarials with Serum Albumin Proteins.

This review focuses on recent trends in the binding study of various antimalarial agents with serum albumins in detail. Serum albumin has a significant role in the transport of drugs and endogenous ligands. The nature and magnitude of serum albumin and drug interactions have a tremendous impact on the pharmacological behavior and toxicity of that drug.

A multi-spectroscopic and computational simulations study to delineate the interaction between antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine and human serum albumin.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a quinoline based medicine is commonly used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Since, human serum albumin (HSA) serves as excipient for vaccines or therapeutic protein drugs, it is important to understand the effect of HCQ on the structural stability of HSA. In this study, the binding mechanism of HCQ and their effect on stability of HSA have been studied using various spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamic simulation.

Uptake and Accumulation of Nano/Microplastics in Plants: A Critical Review.

The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment is an undeniable and serious concern due to their higher persistence and extensive use in agricultural production. This review highlights the sources and fate of MPs and NPs in soil and their uptake, translocation, and physiological effects in the plant system. We provide the current snapshot of the latest reported studies with the majority of literature spanning the last five years.

Epidemiology, risk factors and possibilities for the prevention of acute leukaemia.

Acute leukaemias are malignant diseases of haematopoiesis, traditionally classified according to the affected cell line as acute lymphoblastic and acute myelogenous leukaemia. In terms of incidence, acute leukaemias are rare diseases - in the Czech Republic, only 2-3 new acute myelogenous leukaemia cases/100 000 population are diagnosed annually and less than 1 new case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/100 000 residents. The causes of acute leukaemias are still poorly understood.

Impact of the societal response to COVID-19 on access to healthcare for non-COVID-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan: results of pre-COVID and COVID-19 lockdown stakeholder engagements.

Introduction: With COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities.

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection.

Hepatitis E is a major concern to public health, it is estimated that 44,000 people die annually due to hepatitis E. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. HEV has been found with 7 genotypes, only 4 can infect humans.

A study evaluating noise levels at selected schools in the Czech Republic.

Objective: Worldwide, primary schools are the most important segment of childhood education. The main disturbing source of noise in schools is human speech, the primary component of the learning process. School noise has a negative impact on information processing, teachers and pupils, and communication in the classroom.

Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels and prediction of insulin resistance.

Introduction: Adiponectin is a peptide secreted by adipocytes; its reduction is associated with obesity-related disorders, including insulin resistance (IR). The study analysed levels of total adiponectin and its high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomer in a group of metabolically healthy adults and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to evaluate these levels as potential predictors of the presence of IR.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 269 metabolically healthy adults and 300 patients with T2DM.

[The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) - biology, medical relevance, possibilities for the detection and control].

Bed bugs have become a major concern worldwide in the 21st century and are therefore intensively investigated. The new findings not only extend the knowledge of their biology, medical relevance, and causes of the resurgence, but also can be used in bed bug management. A brief overview is provided of some of the most important research results and opinions, published in the last few years in prestigious international journals.

[Epidemiological significance of the metabolic syndrome].

From an epidemiological point of view, the metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors causally, rather than coincidentally, related to insulin resistance. The metabolic syndrome is a condition with relatively high prevalence rates in both the Czech Republic and in other developed countries. There is a clear trend of increasing prevalence in both sexes depending on age.

Evaluation of Dietary Habits in the Study of Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is serious and rapidly progressing condition. Little is known about the role of diet in etiology of pancreatic cancer. The study focused on the role of selected dietary factors related to pancreatic cancer.

Primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the Czech Republic and worldwide. Also, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, a high proportion of smokers in the population, and one of the highest per capita alcohol consumption rates are typical for the Czech population. The role of general practitioners in the prevention of colorectal cancer is crucial.

Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Levels and Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Patients.

The study aimed at assessing the potential use of lower total and HMW adiponectin levels for predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concentrations of total adiponectin or high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin decrease in association with the development of metabolic dysfunction such as obesity, insulin resistance, or T2DM. Increased adiponectin levels are associated with a lower risk for coronary heart disease.

[A multifactor epidemiological analysis of risk factors for pancreatic cancer in women].

Study Objective: A multifactor analysis of risk factors for pancreas cancer in women.

Material And Methods: A case-control study was conducted in three centres in the Czech Republic (Olomouc, Ostrava, and České Budějovice) in 2006-2009. In total, 226 women (129 pancreas cancer cases, 97 controls) were included in the study.

Is physical activity a protective factor against pancreatic cancer?

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze an association between selected factors and pancreatic cancer, assuming that knowing the etiology would help influence the incidence of this severe type of cancer through primary prevention. In addition to age, gender, BMI and education, the analysis aimed at assessing occupational and leisure-time physical activities with respect to pancreatic cancer.

Background: In numerous studies, physical activity is reported to be a protective factor against pancreatic cancer.

Evaluation of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in a group of obese Czech children.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of Czech obese children, to evaluate the incidence of insulin resistance according to HOMA-IR in this group, and to consider the diagnostic value of HOMA-IR in early MS detection in obese children using the logistic regression models for analyzing the relations between HOMA IR and MS.

Subjects And Methods: Anthropometric and laboratory examinations were performed in a group of 274 obese children aged 10-17 years.

Results: MS was established in 102 subjects (37%).