Comparison of the Structural, Cytological and Biomarker Expression in Carcinoma in situ and Invasive Components in Breast Carcinoma.

Background & Objective: Breast cancer is thought to arise from non-invasive breast lesions, such as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). DCIS is considered a direct precursor of invasive carcinoma. The morphological features alone do not reflect the biological truth of this disease.

The Prevalence of PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients and Its Correlation with Survival Rates and Other Prognostic Factors: A Survival Analysis.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with a poor prognosis. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway has emerged as a potential immunotherapy target. This study aimed to assess PD-L1 expression in TNBC patients and its relationship with prognostic variables.

Transcriptome meta-analysis and validation to discovery of hub genes and pathways in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a histologic pattern of injury in the glomerulus, is one of the leading glomerular causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Despite extensive research, the underlying biological alterations causing FSGS remain poorly understood. Studying variations in gene expression profiles offers a promising approach to gaining a comprehensive understanding of FSGS molecular pathogenicity and identifying key elements as potential therapeutic targets.

Metastatic Seminoma Presenting in Kidney and Cervical Lymph Nodes after a 25-Year Interval: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Seminoma comprises approximately 50% of testicular germ cell tumors. Retroperitoneal lymph nodes are the most common initial metastatic sites but renal metastases are infrequent and the majority of renal tumors represent primary neoplasm.

Case Presentation: In this study, we present a 48-year-old male with metastases of seminoma to the cervical lymph nodes and kidney after a 25-year interval.

Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Acute Leukemia: Methodology and Early Findings.

Background: Acute leukemia is the most common type of malignancy in children, and no major environmental risk factors have been identified relating to its pathogenesis. This study has been conducted with the aim for identifying risk factors associated with this disease.

Methods: This study was conducted in 2016-2020 among children aged <15 years residing in Isfahan Province, Iran.

Anti-GBM disease with positive serum anti-GBM antibodies but negative IgG deposition: A case report.

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies are significantly specific for detecting anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. These antibodies are typically targeted against the non-collagenous (NC1) domain of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen and, to a lesser extent, the α4(IV) or α5(IV) chains, which create a triple-helical structure in the glomerular basement membrane. The modification of the hexameric structure of NC1 (α3(IV)) results in the exposure of new epitopes, leading to an immune reaction and the subsequent deposition of linear antibodies along the glomerular basement membrane, culminating in crescentic glomerulonephritis.

Primary Esophageal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Child: A Case Report with Review on Demography, Presentation, Treatment, and Survival.

Primary gastrointestinal small cell carcinoma is reported 0.1%-1.0% of malignant gastrointestinal tumors and predominantly in the esophagus.

BAT25, ACVR2, and TGFBR2 Mononucleotide STR Markers: A Triplex Panel for Microsatellite Instability Testing in Colorectal Tumors.

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is considered as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. MSI is a consequence of mismatch repair deficiency which is evaluated using the different microsatellite markers on the whole genome. In this pilot study, the diagnostic value of a novel triplex panel including three mononucleotide markers has been evaluated in comparison to the standard Promega kit for MSI testing in CRC patients with Amsterdam II criteria.

High claudin-4 antigen expression in triple-negative breast cancer by the immunohistochemistry method.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. Claudin is an epithelial tight junctional protein, and also it is a receptor for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and shows impairment of expression in several cancers. The chief purpose of this study is to assess the claudin-4 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) Iranian patients and evaluate its correlation with some clinicopathological factors.

A Simplified Protocol for Microsatellite Instability Evaluation in Iranian Patients at Risk for Lynch Syndrome.

Objective: The most important tumor characteristic of Lynch syndrome (LS) is microsatellite instability (MSI). In the current study, BAT34c4 and BAT26 mononucleotide markers were evaluated as part of efforts to test a cost-effective panel for MSI testing in Iranian patients, comparing it with the Promega kit.

Methods: Amsterdam II clinical criteria were used to identify patients at risk for LS.

Comparison of expression of CD1a and CD68 markers in skin leishmaniasis samples with positive and negative Leishman body.

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious illnesses around the world. Given the high commonness of this disease, specifically its skin type in Iran and due to the role of the Leishman bodies in diagnosis, the aim of present study was evaluating the expression of two CD1a and CD68 markers in cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions with and without Leishman bodies.

Methods: In this case-control study, 70 skin samples of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (35 patients with Leishman body as case group and 35 patients without Leishman boy as control group) were investigated during 2018-2019.

Safety assessment of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Rice is considered one of the most important staple food crops. Genetically modified (GM) Bt rice, harbored cry1Ab gene expressing the insect-resistance protein has been developed to resistance to the insects. In this study, we assessed the safety of the GM Bt rice on Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days.

Androgen Receptor Expression and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters in Iranian Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Background & Objective: Our knowledge about correlation of androgen receptor expression and clinicopathological properties of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is inadequate, particularly in the Iranian population. The main aim of the present study was to assess the AR expression in TNBC Iranian patients and evaluate its correlation with their clinicopathological parameters.

Methods: Herein, 76 TNBC patients were evaluated for the AR expression by immunohistochemistry.

Newly Diagnosed Glomerulonephritis During COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Immunosuppression Therapy, a Case Report.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we had a 25 years old male case without any underlying disease or history of autoimmune disease in COVID-19 Clinic, Isfahan, Iran. He presented with arthralgia and weakness so we started COVID-19 therapeutic regimen. In his hospitalization, creatinine increases and abnormalities in random urine sediment was seen.

Osseous Metaplasia in Rectal Polyp: A Case Report with Review of Probable Pathogenesis.

Heterotopic bone formation is a rare event in gastrointestinal lesions, especially in the pediatric population. Osseous metaplasia is exceedingly rare in colonic polyps. We present a case of rectal juvenile polyp with stromal osseous metaplasia in a 10-year-old male child.

Renal biochemical and histopathological alterations of diabetic rats under treatment with hydro alcoholic extrac.

Morus nigra fruit is known to have antioxidant effects and used to control the blood sugar level in traditional medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical and histopathological changes in the serum and kidneys of diabetic rats treated with hydroalcoholic extract. In this study, 60 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 12 each.

Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair proteins in Iranian colorectal cancer patients at risk for lynch syndrome.

Background: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a common hereditary cancer predisposing syndrome has molecular and clinicopathological features still have remained ambiguous within Iranian populations. We discuss in this article some molecular and clinicopathological features of the condition.

Methods: The study was a descriptive retrospective and designed on 1659 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were screened based on early-onset disease and Amsterdam II criteria during 14 years (2000-2013).

Molecular analysis of Iranian colorectal cancer patients at risk for Lynch syndrome: a new molecular, clinicopathological feature.

Purpose: Microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) gene expression present a hallmark mutational signature of Lynch syndrome as a common hereditary cancer predisposing condition. Since there is not enough data of molecular and clinicopathological aspects of the disease in Iranian populations, this article is a new description in Central Iran.

Methods: It is a descriptive analytical study in which we screened 1659 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients based on early-onset disease and Amsterdam II criteria during 14 years (2000-2013).

Large retroperitoneal paraganglioma concurrent with periampullary adenocarcinoma.

Paragangliomas are tumors that originate from extra-adrenal medullary neural crest derivatives. They are rarely located in retroperitoneal space. These tumors are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other reasons.

Ectopic lipoadenoma of parathyroid.

A parathyroid lipoadenoma is a very rare cause of mediastinal mass. The clinical features of this pathologic entity is similar to those of the more common pathologic variants of parathyroid disease associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. A 58-year-old woman presented with huge multinodular goiter.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis following Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report from Iran.

The occurrence of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) in a patient with lymphoma is an indication of a probable relationship between them. The two conditions have similarities both clinically and histopathologically. Occurrence of these two conditions in the same patient, particularly not simultaneously, is rare.

Expression of basal and luminal cytokeratins in breast cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological prognostic variables.

Background: Normal breast ducts contain at least 3 types of epithelial cells: luminal (glandular) cells, basal/myoepithelial cells and stem cells. Myoepithelial and luminal epithelia can be distinguished by their different cytokeratin expression patterns. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of some prognostic biomarkers (ER, PR and HER2), as well as histological grading and lymph node status in cytokeratin-based groups of breast cancer.

Correlation of E-cadherin expression and routine immunohistochemistry panel in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

Background: Down-regulation of the epithelial cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is frequently associated with tumor formation and progression in breast cancer. The aim of this study is the assessment of relationship between E-cadherin expression and routine prognostic biomarkers as well as grading and lymph node status in breast invasive ductal carcinomas. .

A case of neck ectopic meningioma.

Primary extra cranial and extra spinal meningioma is rare and is usually limited to the head and neck region or to the paravertebral soft tissues. Histologic diagnosis (in particular for fresh specimens) is often difficult. A 16-year-old girl with a cervical mass is presented.